Search results for "Carbamates"

showing 10 items of 94 documents

Inhibition of endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase increases atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in mice

2013

The role of endocannabinoids such as anandamide during atherogenesis remains largely unknown. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) represents the key enzyme in anandamide degradation, and its inhibition is associated with subsequent higher levels of anandamide. Here, we tested whether selective inhibition of FAAH influences the progression of atherosclerosis in mice. Selective inhibition of FAAH using URB597 resulted in significantly increased plasma levels of anandamide compared to control, as assessed by mass spectrometry experiments in mice. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice were fed a high-fat, cholesterol-rich diet to induce atherosclerotic conditions. Simultaneously, mice recei…

Apolipoprotein Emedicine.medical_specialtyApolipoprotein BNeutrophilsPolyunsaturated Alkamidesmedicine.medical_treatmentIntraperitoneal injectionGene ExpressionArachidonic AcidsDiet High-FatAmidohydrolasesMicechemistry.chemical_compoundApolipoproteins EWestern blotCell MovementSuperoxidesFatty acid amide hydrolaseInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsEnzyme InhibitorsMolecular BiologyMice Knockoutbiologymedicine.diagnostic_testChemistryMacrophagesAnandamideURB597Dietary FatsEndocannabinoid systemPlaque AtheroscleroticEndocrinologyBenzamidesbiology.proteinCarbamatesCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineEndocannabinoidsJournal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
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Pharmacological blockade of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) alters neural proliferation, apoptosis and gliosis in the rat hippocampus, hypothal…

2015

Endocannabinoids participate in the control of neurogenesis, neural cell death and gliosis. The pharmacological effect of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which limits the endocannabinoid degradation, was investigated in the present study. Cell proliferation (phospho-H3(+) or BrdU(+) cells) of the main adult neurogenic zones as well as apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3(+)), astroglia (GFAP(+)), and microglia (Iba1(+) cells) were analyzed in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum of rats intraperitoneally treated with URB597 (0.3 mg/kg/day) at one dose/4-days resting or 5 doses (1 dose/day). Repeated URB597 treatment increased the plasma levels of the N-acylethanolamine…

AstrocitosNeurobiologia del desenvolupamentAmidohidrolasasCannabinoid receptorCarbamatos:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins::Caspases [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Differentiation::Neurogenesis [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.medical_treatment:Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Monosaccharides::Hexoses::Glucose [Medical Subject Headings]Apoptosis:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compound:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors Cell Surface::Receptors G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors Cannabinoid::Receptor Cannabinoid CB1 [Medical Subject Headings]0302 clinical medicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Carboxylic Acids::Acids Acyclic::Carbamates [Medical Subject Headings]Fatty acid amide hydrolaseReceptor cannabinoide CB1:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals [Medical Subject Headings]FAAHGliosishealth care economics and organizations:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleosides::Deoxyribonucleosides::Deoxyuridine::Bromodeoxyuridine [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Glycerides::Triglycerides [Medical Subject Headings]Original Research0303 health sciencesNeurogenesisBenzamidas:Chemicals and Drugs::Polycyclic Compounds::Steroids::Cholestanes::Cholestenes::Cholesterol [Medical Subject Headings]Endocannabinoid systemEtanolaminas3. Good healthEndocannabinoides:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Fatty Acids Monounsaturated::Oleic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]CannabinoidesMicroglíalipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)medicine.symptomColesterol:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Terpenes::Cannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Palmitic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]psychological phenomena and processesProliferación celularmedicine.medical_specialtyCerebroNeurogenesiseducationBiologyBromodesoxiuridina:Anatomy::Nervous System::Neuroglia::Microglia [Medical Subject Headings]Triglicéridoslcsh:RC321-571Ácidos oléicosRatas03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceInternal medicineHipocampomedicineCaspasa 3:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hippocampus [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Growth Processes::Cell Proliferation [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry030304 developmental biologyPalmitoylethanolamide:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Amidohydrolases [Medical Subject Headings]Cannabinoids:Anatomy::Cells::Neuroglia::Astrocytes [Medical Subject Headings]Peso corporalEnergy metabolism:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hypothalamus [Medical Subject Headings]URB597:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Gliosis [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amines::Amino Alcohols::Ethanolamines [Medical Subject Headings]Muerte celular:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death::Apoptosis [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats [Medical Subject Headings]EndocrinologyURB597chemistryGliosisnervous systemGlucosaCannabinoidEnergy Metabolism:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Benzamides [Medical Subject Headings]HipotálamoÁcidos palmíticos030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeuroscienceFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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Effects of several muscarinic agonists on cardiac performance and the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves of the perfused rabbit heart

1972

Summary 1 The effects of several muscarinic agonists on atrial tension development, ventricular rate and noradrenaline release from terminal sympathetic fibres evoked by electrical nerve stimulation (SNS) and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) were measured in isolated perfused rabbit hearts. 2 Hexamethonium, in a concentration which almost abolished the release of noradrenaline by DMPP, had no effect on the release produced by SNS, confirming that the stimulation was postganglionic. 3 The order of potency for inhibition of atrial tension development was N-methyl-1,2,5,6, tetrahydro-nicotinic acid prop-2-yne ester (MH-1)>oxotremorine > acetylcholine > methacholine > carbachol > furtre…

AtropineMalemedicine.medical_specialtySympathetic Nervous SystemCarbacholAutopharmacologyHexamethonium CompoundsIn Vitro TechniquesPharmacologyNorepinephrinechemistry.chemical_compoundHeart RateInternal medicineMuscarinic acetylcholine receptormedicineOxotremorineAnimalsMethacholine CompoundsPharmacologyChemistryOxotremorinePilocarpineHeartAcetylcholineElectric StimulationPerfusionQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsAtropineEndocrinologyParasympathomimeticsPilocarpineCarbacholFemaleMethacholineHexamethoniumCarbamatesRabbitsDimethylphenylpiperazinium IodideAcetylcholinemedicine.drugBritish Journal of Pharmacology
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Analysis of pesticides in fruits by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-ion trap-triple stage mass spectrometry.

2005

A multi-residue method using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole ion trap-triple stage mass spectrometry (LC-IT-MS(3)) has been developed for determining trace levels of pesticides in fruits. The selected pesticides can be distinguished in: benzimidazoles and azoles, organophosphorus, carbamates, neonicotinoids, and acaricides. PLE has been optimized to extract these pesticide residues from oranges and peaches by studying the effect of experimental variables on PLE efficiency. Samples were extracted at high temperature and pressure (75 degrees C and 1500psi) using ethyl acetate as extraction solvent and acidic alumina as drying agent. The recoveries obta…

AzolesEthyl acetateAcetatesMass spectrometryBiochemistryHigh-performance liquid chromatographySensitivity and SpecificityAnabasineMass SpectrometryAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundOrganophosphorus Compoundsmedia_common.cataloged_instanceEuropean unionPesticidesmedia_commonResidue (complex analysis)ChromatographyPesticide residueChemistryOrganic ChemistryExtraction (chemistry)Pesticide ResiduesTemperatureReproducibility of ResultsGeneral MedicineFruitBenzimidazolesIon trapCarbamatesChromatography LiquidJournal of chromatography. A
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Effects of thrombin and of the phospholipase C inhibitor, D609, on the vascularity of the chick chorioallantoic membrane.

2000

Abstract Microvascular corrosion casting was used to assess the effects of thrombin and D609, a phospholipase C inhibitor, on the vascularity of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Discs containing vehicle, thrombin or D609 were placed on the CAM of fertilized white Leghorn eggs on Day 9 of gestation and vascularity was assessed on Day 11. Thrombin caused significant increases in the numbers (43%), diameters (5%) and lengths (17%), of both pre- and postcapillaries (first-order vessels by centripetal ordering). Conversely, D609 caused a decrease in the numbers (27%), lengths (12%) and diameters (8%) of first-order vessels. D609 decreased the total vascular volume of first- to th…

Bridged-Ring Compoundsmedicine.medical_specialtyanimal structuresAngiogenesisPhosphodiesterase InhibitorsNeovascularization PhysiologicChick EmbryoBiologyHemostaticsMicrocirculationThrombinVascularityAllantoisThiocarbamatesInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsOvumPharmacologyBlood VolumePhospholipase CThrombinThionesChorionNorbornanesChorioallantoic membraneEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structureType C PhospholipasesCirculatory systemMicroscopy Electron Scanningmedicine.symptommedicine.drugBlood vesselGeneral pharmacology
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The Endocannabinoid System Promotes Astroglial Differentiation by Acting on Neural Progenitor Cells

2006

Endocannabinoids exert an important neuromodulatory role via presynaptic cannabinoid CB1receptors and may also participate in the control of neural cell death and survival. The function of the endocannabinoid system has been extensively studied in differentiated neurons, but its potential role in neural progenitor cells remains to be elucidated. Here we show that the CB1receptor and the endocannabinoid-inactivating enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase are expressed, bothin vitroandin vivo, in postnatal radial glia (RC2+cells) and in adult nestin type I (nestin+GFAP+) neural progenitor cells. Cell culture experiments show that CB1receptor activation increases progenitor proliferation and differ…

Cannabinoid receptorCellular differentiationMorpholinesApoptosisNerve Tissue ProteinsBiologyNaphthalenesHippocampusAmidohydrolasesNestinMiceIntermediate Filament ProteinsReceptor Cannabinoid CB1Cannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinAnimalsProgenitor cellEnzyme InhibitorsNeural cellCells CulturedProgenitorMice KnockoutNeuronsCannabinoidsmusculoskeletal neural and ocular physiologyGeneral NeuroscienceStem CellsCell DifferentiationArticlesNestinEndocannabinoid systemNeural stem cellBenzoxazinesRatsnervous systemAstrocytesBenzamideslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)CarbamatesNeurosciencepsychological phenomena and processesEndocannabinoids
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Cholinesterase Activity and Hematological Parameters as Biomarkers of Sublethal Molinate Exposure in Anguilla anguilla

2000

Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was measured in plasma, whole blood [using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and 2-PDS as chromophores], brain, and whole eyes of Anguilla anguilla exposed to a sublethal concentration of 11.15 mg/L (one-third of the 96-h LC(50)) of the carbamate herbicide molinate. ChE activity was evaluated after 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of pesticide exposure. Results indicated that ChE activity in eel tissues decreased as time of exposure increased, especially in eel blood. Eels exposed to molinate were transferred to a pesticide-free water for a recovery period of 4 days and ChE activity was also evaluated. Results indicated that ChE activity for those animals with preexpo…

CarbamateHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesismedicine.medical_treatmentPhysiologyHematocritToxicologyThiocarbamatesAnguillidaeBlood plasmamedicineAnimalsCholinesterasesCholinesteraseWhole bloodBlood CellsEelsintegumentary systembiologymedicine.diagnostic_testHerbicidesPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthAzepinesBlood ProteinsGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationPollutionBlood proteinsToxicitybiology.proteinCarbamatesCholinesterase InhibitorsBiomarkersEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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EFFECTS OF THIOBENCARB HERBICIDE TO AN ALGA (NANNOCHLORIS OCULATA) AND THE CLADOCERAN (DAPHNIA MAGNA)

2001

Chronic toxicity studies were conducted with an algae (Nannochloris oculata) and the cladoceran (Daphnia magna) to determine their relative sensitivities to the thiocarbamate herbicide thiobencarb (S-4-chlorobenzyl diethylthiocarbamate). Most of the algal populations were initially affected by exposure to the herbicide. Thiobencarb concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/L significantly reduced algal densities after 24-h exposure. The 24-h static EC50 in D. magna was 3.01 mg/L. The sublethal effects of 0.3, 0.37, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/L of thiobencarb concentrations on the survival, reproduction, and growth of D. magna were monitored for 21 days. The parameters used to determined the effect of th…

CarbamateTime Factorsmedicine.medical_treatmentDaphnia magnaBranchiopodaSensitivity and SpecificityRandom AllocationAnimal scienceChlorophytaThiocarbamatesBotanymedicineAnimalsEcotoxicologyChronic toxicityreproductive and urinary physiologyEC50Population DensityDose-Response Relationship DrugbiologyHerbicidesfungiGeneral MedicinePesticidebiology.organism_classificationSurvival AnalysisPollutionFertilityDaphniaCladoceraFood ScienceJournal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
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Application of the 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) reagent to the RP-HPLC determination of amino acids in infant foods.

2005

The validation of a pre-column derivatization procedure with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) to the determination of the amino acid content by RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection (lambda excitation 250 nm, lambda emission 395 nm) in milk-cereal based infant foods was carried out. The analytical parameters: linearity (0.0025-0.2mM), precision of the method (0.2-3.5% variation coefficients), accuracy (derivatization: 86-106% average recovery and method: 88.3-118.2% average recovery) and the limits of detection (0.016-0.367 microM) and quantification (0.044-1.073 microM) were determined. Glutamic acid, proline and leucine were the most abundant amino acid whereas the lowe…

Carbamatemedicine.medical_treatmentClinical BiochemistryBiochemistryAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundmedicineHumansProlineAmino AcidsDerivatizationChromatography High Pressure Liquidchemistry.chemical_classificationDetection limitChromatographyChemistryInfantReproducibility of ResultsCell BiologyGeneral MedicineAmino acidReagentAminoquinolinesIndicators and ReagentsInfant FoodCarbamatesLeucineEdible GrainCysteineJournal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences
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Determination of carbosulfan and its metabolites in oranges by liquid chromatography ion-trap triple-stage mass spectrometry.

2005

Liquid chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry LC-MSn has been successfully applied to identify and confirm carbosulfan and seven of its metabolites in oranges after pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with dichloromethane. Mass spectra of carbosulfan and its metabolites were investigated using multiple stages of mass spectrometry. Although interpretation of the fragmentation pathways, based on mass spectra, enables structural elucidation and identification of these compounds, the proposed fragmentation pathways and ion structures need verification by exact mass measurements. The analytical method--PLE and LC-MS3 --was validated: limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 mg …

Chemical ionizationCitrusChromatographyChemistryOrganic ChemistryPesticide ResiduesReproducibility of ResultsGeneral MedicineMass spectrometryBiochemistryHigh-performance liquid chromatographySensitivity and SpecificityMass SpectrometryAnalytical ChemistryMasschemistry.chemical_compoundMass spectrumCarbosulfanSample preparationIon trapCarbamatesChromatography LiquidJournal of chromatography. A
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