Search results for "Cattle"
showing 10 items of 608 documents
Time-to-event analysis of mastitis at first-lactation in Valle del Belice ewes
2007
A time-to-event study for mastitis at first-lactation in Valle del Belice ewes was conducted, using survival analysis with an animal model. The goals were to evaluate the effect of lambing season and level of milk production on the time from lambing to the day when a ewe experienced a test-day with a recorded SCC greater than or equal to 750,000 cells/ml, and to estimate, for this trait, its heritability and the percentage of variation explained by the flock-year of lambing effect. A dataset with 2468 first-lactation records, collected from 1998 to 2003 in Valle del Belice ewes allocated in 17 flocks, was used. The Cox model used included lambing season and total milk yield adjusted for lac…
Nutrient intakes of children aged 1-2 years as a function of milk consumption, cows' milk or growing-up milk.
2012
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets in early childhood as a function of milk intake, cows’ milk (CM) or growing-up milk (GUM).DesignFrom a cross-sectional food consumption survey, two groups of children aged 1–2 years were defined: Group CM fed exclusively on CM ≥ 250 ml/d and Group GUM fed on GUM ≥ 250 ml/d. Proportions of children at risk of nutrient excess or insufficiency were estimated relative to the French Recommended Daily Allowances, Estimated Average Requirements or Adequate Intakes.SettingParents participating in the survey were recruited from all regions of France by a polling organization. Distribution was adjusted to that of the French population.Sub…
Determination of cow’s milk in non-bovine and mixed cheeses by capillary electrophoresis of whey proteins in acidic isoelectric buffers
2000
An improved method for the determination of cow's milk in non-bovine cheese is reported: electrophoresis of whey proteins in acidic, isoelectric buffers. Two background electrolytes (BGEs) have been tested: (i) 50 mM iminodiacetic acid (pH=isoelectric point=2.30 at 25 degrees C), 0.5% hydroxyethylcellulose, 0.1% Tween 20 and 6 M urea (apparent pH 3.1), E=300 V/cm, for the separation of alpha-lactalbumins (alpha-LAs); (ii) a BGE with the same composition, but supplemented with 10% Tween 20, E=450 V/cm, for the fractionation of beta-lactoglobulins (beta-LGs). Surfactants have a discriminating effect on the retention behaviour of the bovine alpha-LA and beta-LG proteins, owing to the different…
The foaming properties of camel and bovine whey: The impact of pH and heat treatment
2018
International audience; he effect of heat treatment (70 degrees C or 90 degrees C for 30 min) on the foaming and interfacial properties of acid and sweet whey obtained from bovine and camel fresh milk was examined. The maximum foamability and foam stability were observed for acid whey when compared to sweet whey for both milks, with higher values for the camel whey. This behavior for acid whey was explained by the proximity of the pI of whey protein (4.9-5.2), where proteins were found to carry the lowest negative charge as confirmed by the zeta potential measurements. Interfacial properties of acid camel whey and acid bovine whey were preserved at air water interface even after a heat trea…
Effect of Ligands on HP-Induced Unfolding and Oligomerization of β-Lactoglobulin
2020
ABSTRACTTo probe intermediate states during unfolding and oligomerization of proteins remains a major challenge. High pressure (HP) is a powerful tool for studying these problems, revealing subtle structural changes in proteins not accessible by other means of denaturation. Bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG), the main whey protein, has a strong propensity to bind various bioactive molecules, such as retinol and resveratrol, two ligands with different affinity and binding sites. By combining in situ HP-small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and HP-UV/visible absorption spectroscopy, we report the specific effects of these ligands on 3D conformational and local changes in BLG induced by HP. Dependin…
Les impacts du campagnol terrestre sur les systèmes fourragers : le cas de l’élevage bovin allaitant en Bourgogne
2014
EAAgroSupECOLDUR; Do vole outbreaks have the same effects on suckler beef farms in Burgundy as they do on daily farms in Auvergne and Franche-Comte? Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 19 farmers from Burgundy who had been affected by a water vole outbreak in 2011. The results indicate that, just like farmers in Auvergne and Franche-Comte, farmers in Burgundy witnessed a decrease in forage quantity and quality. Farmers used diverse measures to deal with the outbreak (e.g., avoidance strategies or the use of bromadiolone). Farmers that described water voles as pests were more likely to have used bromadiolone, while those who described water voles in morphological terms or in ter…
Prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis in agroecosystems : analysis of potential environmental reservoirs (soil, fresh water, soil fauna and aquatic fauna…
2016
Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis. This disease affects cattle, and many species of domestic and wild mammals, and humans. The circulation of the bacteria in various multi-host systems promotes the maintenance of the disease and the contamination of cattle in the vicinity. Beside direct transmission of the bacteria through the respiratory route, indirect transmission, through inhalation or ingestion of environmental matrices contaminated by an infected animal excretory, is suspected in several countries. Environmental contamination with M. bovis appears to be a crucial factor in the persistence of the infection in multi-host systems. In Côte d'Or, a …
Brain lateralization probed by water diffusion at the atomic to micrometric scale
2019
International audience; Combined neutron scattering and diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance experiments have been used to reveal significant interregional asymmetries (lateralization) in bovine brain hemispheres in terms of myelin arrangement and water dynamics at micron to atomic scales. Thicker myelin sheaths were found in the left hemisphere using neutron diffraction. 4.7 T dMRI and quasi-elastic neutron experiments highlighted significant differences in the properties of water dynamics in the two hemispheres. The results were interpreted in terms of hemisphere-dependent cellular composition (number of neurons, cell distribution, etc.) as well as specificity of neurological functions (s…
Gestion du pâturage au printemps en système bovin allaitant : diversité des pratiques en Saône-et-Loire
2009
National audience; Grazed grass is the cheapest forage for making meat'. In order to incite farmers to make their forage systems more self-sufficient and thrifty, the 'Chambre d'Agriculture de Saone-et-Loire' (a professional agricultural organization for that departement) has been monitoring for five years the management of spring grazing on 23 farms. The analysis of farmers' practices lead to considerations as to put to the best use the grazed grass, according to the pedo-climatic conditions and the constraints of the farms. With the aim of optimizing the pasture resources in order to limit the purchase of concentrates and to cope with the climatic hazards, the study of the management of s…
Assessment of the impact of herd management on sensorial quality of Charolais heifer meat
2004
International audience; Meat industry and some consumers often criticize beef meat because the organoleptic quality and tenderness are highly variable and difficult to predict. So, beef meat consumption could be penalized, by the marketing of an irregular quality product. * There are many livestock rearing methods in France to produce beef meat, depending on the region, the breed used, the feeding used (and so on).