Search results for "Cefotaxime"
showing 10 items of 18 documents
Cocirculation of Hajj and non-Hajj strains among serogroup W meningococci in Italy, 2000 to 2016
2019
In Italy, B and C are the predominant serogroups among meningococci causing invasive diseases. Nevertheless, in the period from 2013 to 2016, an increase in serogroup W Neisseria meningitidis (MenW) was observed. This study intends to define the main characteristics of 63 MenW isolates responsible of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Italy from 2000 to 2016. We performed whole genome sequencing on bacterial isolates or single gene sequencing on culture-negative samples to evaluate molecular heterogeneity. Our main finding was the cocirculation of the Hajj and the South American sublineages belonging to MenW/clonal complex (cc)11, which gradually surpassed the MenW/cc22 in Italy. All M…
New spectrophotometric procedure for determining cefotaxime based on derivatization with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate into solid-phase extraction …
1998
Cefotaxime was derivatised with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS), extracted into solid-phase cartridges (C18) and detected using a UV-visible detection system. Optimum conditions for this new procedure were: hydrogencarbonate-carbonate buffer, pH 10.5, 5-min reaction time at 25 degrees C and an NQS concentration of 7.1x10(-3) mol l(-1). The accuracy and the precision of the liquid-solid procedure were tested. The procedure was used to measure cefotaxime in pharmaceutical and urine samples. The results obtained were contrasted with those reported for a HPLC method for urine samples. The generalized H-point standard additions method was used to measure cefotaxime in urine samples.
Re: Antimicrobial Resistance in More Than 100,000 Escherichia coli Isolates According to Culture Site and Patient Age, Gender, and Location
2011
ABSTRACT Escherichia coli and the antimicrobial pressure exerted on this microorganism can be modulated by factors dependent on the host. In this paper, we describe the distribution of antimicrobial resistance to amikacin, tobramycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin clavulanate, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and trimetoprim-sulfametoxazole in more than 100,000 E. coli isolates according to culture site and patient age, gender, and location. Bayesian inference was planned in all statistical analysis, and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation was employed to estimate the model parameters. Our findings show the existence of a marked difference in…
Effects of intraocular cefotaxime on the human corneal endothelium
2001
Abstract Purpose To ascertain whether 0.4 mL of cefotaxime 0.25% applied intracamerally causes toxic alteration of the human corneal endothelium. Methods In this prospective randomized masked study, 66 patients had cataract extraction using phacoemulsification, a frown incision, and implantation of a poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lens. This was followed by intraocular injection of 0.4 mL of cefotaxime 0.25% or balanced salt solution (BSS®). Contact specular microscopy and photography were performed preoperatively and 1 to 4 days and 3 months postoperatively. Results In the cefotaxime group, the mean endothelial cell count was 2729 cells/mm 2 ± 474 (SD) preoperatively, 2520 ± 462 cel…
Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing on blood cultures using MALDI-TOF MS
2018
International audience; Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem requiring the early optimization of antibiotic prescriptions. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been shown to accurately identify bacteria from positive blood culture. Here, we developed a rapid detection of Escherichia coli resistance to amoxicillin (AMX) and cefotaxime (CTX) from positive blood culture based on MALDI-TOF MS. Potential sparing of broad-spectrum antibiotics was also evaluated. We tested 103 E. coli-positive blood cultures. Blood cultures were subculture 1-hour in antibiotic-free rich liquid media before further incubation with and with…
High level of intrinsic phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteria from terrestrial wildlife in Gabonese national parks.
2021
Data on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in African wildlife are still relatively limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of phenotypic intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteria from several species of terrestrial wild mammals in national parks of Gabon. Colony culture and isolation were done using MacConkey agar. Isolates were identified using the VITEK 2 and MALDI-TOF methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was analysed and interpreted according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. The preliminary test for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was performed by replicating enterobacte…
Amperometric detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase activity : application to the characterization of resistant E.coli strains
2015
EA MERS CT3; International audience; The amperometric detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) with carbon screen-printed sensors was investigated in the presence of the Nitrocefin, a commercially-available β-lactamase chromogenic cephalosporin substrate. Using an ESBL isolated from a clinical sample, it was shown for the first time that the intensity of a specific anodic pic current (EP = [similar]+0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl) resulting from the catalytic hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring was proportional to the amount of ESBL. The proof-of-principle of a novel susceptibility assay for the rapid and accurate identification of ESBL- producing bacteria was then demonstrated. The detection schem…
Validation of a high-performance chromatographic method for determination of cefotaxime in biological samples
1999
An analytical method for detecting and quantifying cefotaxime in plasma and several tissues is described. The method was developed and validated using plasma and tissues of rats. The samples were analyzed by reversed phase liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection (254 nm). Calibration graphs showed a linear correlation (r > 0.999) over the concentration ranges of 0.5–200 μg/mL and 1.25–25 μg/g for plasma and tissues, respectively. The recovery of cefotaxime from plasma standards prepared at the concentrations of 25 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL was 98.5 ± 3.5% and 101.8 ± 2.2%, respectively. The recovery of cefotaxime from tissue standards of liver, fat and muscle, prepared at the concentration…
Mutational Events in Cefotaximase Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases of the CTX-M-1 Cluster Involved in Ceftazidime Resistance
2008
ABSTRACT CTX-M β-lactamases, which show a high cefotaxime hydrolytic activity, constitute the most prevalent extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) type found among clinical isolates. The recent explosive diversification of CTX-M enzymes seems to have taken place due to the appearance of more efficient enzymes which are capable of hydrolyzing both cefotaxime and ceftazidime, especially among the CTX-M-1 cluster. A combined strategy of in vitro stepwise evolution experiments using bla CTX-M-1 , bla CTX-M-3 , and bla CTX-M-10 genes and site-directed mutagenesis has been used to evaluate the role of ceftazidime and other β-lactam antibiotics in triggering the diversity found among enzymes belong…
In silico identification and experimental validation of hits active against KPC-2 β-lactamase
2018
Bacterial resistance has become a worldwide concern, particularly after the emergence of resistant strains overproducing carbapenemases. Among these, the KPC-2 carbapenemase represents a significant clinical challenge, being characterized by a broad substrate spectrum that includes aminothiazoleoxime and cephalosporins such as cefotaxime. Moreover, strains harboring KPC-type β-lactamases are often reported as resistant to available β-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, tazobactam and sulbactam). Therefore, the identification of novel non β-lactam KPC-2 inhibitors is strongly necessary to maintain treatment options. This study explored novel, non-covalent inhibitors active against KPC-2, …