Search results for "Cell Movement"

From Defined Reactive Diblock Copolymers to Functional HPMA-Based Self-Assembled Nanoaggregates

2008

This paper describes the synthesis of functional amphiphilic poly( N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)-block-poly(lauryl methacrylate) copolymers by RAFT polymerization via the intermediate step of activated ester block copolymers (pentafluoro-phenyl methacrylate). Block copolymers with molecular weights from 12000-28000 g/mol and PDIs of about 1.2 have been obtained. The amphiphilic diblock copolymers form stable super structures (nanoaggregates) by self-organization in aqueous solution. The diameters of these particles are between 100 and 200 nm and depend directly on the molecular weight of the block copolymer. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of these nanoaggregates on cell viabi…

Revisiting Current Concepts on the Tolerogenicity of Steady-State Dendritic Cell Subsets and Their Maturation Stages

2021

Abstract The original concept stated that immature dendritic cells (DC) act tolerogenically whereas mature DC behave strictly immunogenically. Meanwhile, it is also accepted that phenotypically mature stages of all conventional DC subsets can promote tolerance as steady-state migratory DC by transporting self-antigens to lymph nodes to exert unique functions on regulatory T cells. We propose that in vivo 1) there is little evidence for a tolerogenic function of immature DC during steady state such as CD4 T cell anergy induction, 2) all tolerance as steady-state migratory DC undergo common as well as subset-specific molecular changes, and 3) these changes differ by quantitative and qualitati…

Mast cells are crucial for early inflammation, migration of Langerhans cells, and CTL responses following topical application of TLR7 ligand in mice.

2007

Abstract Until recently, IgE-activated mast cells have been regarded merely as effector cells of adaptive immune responses, involved in allergic reactions and mucosal immunity to parasites. Herein, we report that murine dermal mast cells, activated by local administration of a cream containing the synthetic TLR7 ligand imiquimod, are essential to initiate an early inflammatory reaction. The mast-cell–derived cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β play an important role in this process. Furthermore, TLR7-activated mast cells are also able to promote the emigration of Langerhans cells, which partly depends on the expression of mast-cell–derived IL-1β. We have previously shown that TLR7 ligation enhances t…

Mast Cells Are Key Promoters of Contact Allergy that Mediate the Adjuvant Effects of Haptens

2011

SummaryA prominent feature of sensitizing environmental compounds that cause allergic contact dermatitis is the rapid induction of an innate inflammatory response that seems to provide danger signals for efficient T cell priming. We generated mouse models of mast cell deficiency, mast cell-specific gene inactivation, and mast cell reporter mice for intravital imaging and showed that these adjuvant effects of contact allergens are mediated by mast cells and histamine. Mast cell deficiency resulted in impaired emigration of skin DCs to the lymph node and contact hypersensitivity was dramatically reduced in the absence of mast cells. In addition, mast cell-specific inactivation of the Il10 gen…

Complement components in relation to macrophage function

1983

Mechanisms underlying lineage commitment and plasticity of human γδ T cells.

2012

Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity are the hallmarks of effector and memory T cells. Upon antigen stimulation, γδ T cells differentiate into two major types of memory T cells: central memory cells, which patrol the blood and secondary lymphoid organs, and effector memory cells, which migrate to peripheral tissues. γδ T cells display in vitro a certain degree of plasticity in their function that is reminiscent of that which is observed in conventional CD4 T cells. Similar to CD4 T cells, in which a plethora of specialized subsets affect the host response, γδ T cells may readily and rapidly assume distinct Th1-, Th2-, Th17-, T(FH) and T regulatory-like effector functions, suggesting that…

Differentiation of Effector/Memory Vδ2 T Cells and Migratory Routes in Lymph Nodes or Inflammatory Sites

2003

Vδ2 T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens without presentation by MHC molecules and mount both immediate effector functions and memory responses after microbial infection. However, how Vδ2 T cells mediate different facets of a memory response remains unknown. Here, we show that the expression of CD45RA and CD27 antigens defines four subsets of human Vδ2 T cells with distinctive compartmentalization routes. Naive CD45RA+CD27+ and memory CD45RA−CD27+ cells express lymph node homing receptors, abound in lymph nodes, and lack immediate effector functions. Conversely, memory CD45RA−CD27− and terminally differentiated CD45RA+CD27− cells, which express receptors for homing to inflamed tissu…

Interaction of syntenin-1 and the NG2 proteoglycan in migratory oligodendrocyte precursor cells.

2008

Migration of oligodendrocyte precursors along axons is a necessary prerequisite for myelination, but little is known about underlying mechanisms. NG2 is a large membrane proteoglycan implicated in oligodendrocyte migration. Here we show that a PDZ domain protein termed syntenin-1 interacts with NG2 and that syntenin-1 is necessary for normal rates of migration. The association of syntenin-1 with NG2, identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen, was confirmed by colocalization of both proteins within processes of oligodendroglial precursor cells and by coimmunoprecipitation from cell extracts. Syntenin-1 also colocalizes with NG2 in "co-capping" assays, demonstrating a lateral association of bot…

Hemocyte migration during inflammatory-like reaction of Ciona intestinalis (Tunicata, ascidiacea).

2000

Following an injuring factor such as the injection of erythrocytes into the tunic of Ciona intestinalis, an inflammatory-like response occurs and blood cells are massively involved in these mechanisms. Electron microscope observations illustrate the infiltration and migration of blood cells throughout the mantle epithelium into the tunic and show several prominent morphological changes.

Imidazo[2,1-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazoles with antiproliferative activity against primary and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells

2020

A new series of eighteen imidazo [2,1-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives was efficiently synthesized and screened for antiproliferative activity against the National Cancer Institute (NCI-60) cell lines panel. Two out of eighteen derivatives, compounds 12a and 12h, showed remarkably cytotoxic activity with the half maximal inhibitory concentration values (IC50) ranging from 0.23 to 11.4 μM, and 0.29–12.2 μM, respectively. However, two additional compounds, 12b and 13g, displayed remarkable in vitro antiproliferative activity against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines, including immortalized (SUIT-2, Capan-1, Panc-1), primary (PDAC-3) and gemcitabine-resistant (Panc-1R), elici…