Search results for "Cellular differentiation"
showing 10 items of 482 documents
Engineering of Adult Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis
2016
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) retain their ability to generate newborn neurons throughout life in the mammalian brain. Here, we describe how recently developed virus- and transgenesis-based techniques will help us (1) to understand the functional effects of neurogenesis in health and disease, (2) to design novel approaches to harness the potential for NSPC-associated endogenous repair, and (3) to induce the generation of neurons outside the main neurogenic niches in the adult brain.
Soft X-Ray Tomography Reveals Gradual Chromatin Compaction and Reorganization during Neurogenesis In Vivo
2016
Summary - The realization that nuclear distribution of DNA, RNA, and proteins differs between cell types and developmental stages suggests that nuclear organization serves regulatory functions. Understanding the logic of nuclear architecture and how it contributes to differentiation and cell fate commitment remains challenging. Here, we use soft X-ray tomography (SXT) to image chromatin organization, distribution, and biophysical properties during neurogenesis in vivo. Our analyses reveal that chromatin with similar biophysical properties forms an elaborate connected network throughout the entire nucleus. Although this interconnectivity is present in every developmental stage, differentiati…
Scabrous overexpression in the eye affects R3/R4 cell fate specification and inhibits notch signaling
2015
Background Planar cell polarity (PCP) in the Drosophila eye is generated when immature ommatidial preclusters acquire opposite chirality in the dorsal and ventral halves of the eye imaginal disc and rotate 90 ° toward the equator. The scabrous (sca) gene is involved in R8 differentiation and in the correct spacing of ommatidial clusters in eye imaginal discs, but it was also suggested to be required during ommatidial rotation. However, no clear relationships between sca and other genes involved in the process were established. Results To explore the role of Sca in PCP establishment, we performed an RNAi-based modifier genetic screen using the rough eye phenotype of sca-overexpressing flies.…
miR-9 and miR-200 regulate PDGFRβ-mediated endothelial differentiation of tumor cells in triple-negative breast cancer
2016
Abstract Organization of cancer cells into endothelial-like cell-lined structures to support neovascularization and to fuel solid tumors is a hallmark of progression and poor outcome. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), PDGFRβ has been identified as a key player of this process and is considered a promising target for breast cancer therapy. Thus, we aimed at investigating the role of miRNAs as a therapeutic approach to inhibit PDGFRβ-mediated vasculogenic properties of TNBC, focusing on miR-9 and miR-200. In MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 TNBC cell lines, miR-9 and miR-200 promoted and inhibited, respectively, the formation of vascular-like structures in vitro. Induction of endogenous miR-9…
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma With Enteric Differentiation: Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology
2018
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation (PAED) is a rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma recently recognized in the WHO classification. It is defined as an adenocarcinoma in which the enteric component exceeds 50% and have to show the expression of at least 1 immunohistochemical marker of enteric differentiation. Although the definition of this tumor type is very important, above all in the differential diagnosis between a primary lung tumor and a metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma, this cancer still lacks a distinctive immunohistochemical and molecular signature. We recruited the largest series in the literature of PAEDs according to the morphology and the positivity for …
Generation of three human iPSC lines from PLAN (PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration) patients
2021
© 2021 The Authors.
Recovery from Toxic-Induced Demyelination Does Not Require the NG2 Proteoglycan
2016
NG2 cells are defined as CNS cells expressing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan nerve/glia antigen. The vast majority of NG2-positive cells also express platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) and are oligodendroglial progenitors (OPC). In addition a subpopulation of pericytes expresses NG2, but is positive for PDGF receptor beta (PDGFRβ) [1]. NG2-positive OPC comprise approximately 5% of the cells in the CNS where they are evenly distributed in grey and white matter [2, 3]. NG2-positive OPC form synapses with neurons [4–6] and react to brain injury with proliferation, as has been shown in several animal models as well as in human demyelinating and degenerative diseases [7–9].…
Functions of SETD7 during development, homeostasis and cancer
2019
A controlled organ homeostasis is essential to sustain the integrity of any living organism. This homeostasis relies on stem cells, which maintain themselves and give rise to the various types of differentiated cells. It is well established that the differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) depends on major changes in transcriptional programs. Covalent modifications of DNA, RNA and proteins are instrumental in setting up the genetic programs associated with cell fates. Another important mechanism for regulation of gene expression is protein localisation and stability. In addition to ubiquitination, SUMOylation and phosphorylation, methylation of proteins is an important det…
Programming of Intestinal Epithelial Differentiation by IL-33 Derived from Pericryptal Fibroblasts in Response to Systemic Infection.
2016
SummaryThe intestinal epithelium constitutes an efficient barrier against the microbial flora. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected function of IL-33 as a regulator of epithelial barrier functions. Mice lacking IL-33 showed decreased Paneth cell numbers and lethal systemic infection in response to Salmonella typhimurium. IL-33 was produced upon microbial challenge by a distinct population of pericryptal fibroblasts neighboring the intestinal stem cell niche. IL-33 programmed the differentiation of epithelial progenitors toward secretory IEC including Paneth and goblet cells. Finally, IL-33 suppressed Notch signaling in epithelial cells and induced expression of transcription factors governing…
The development of a tissue-engineered tracheobronchial epithelial model using a bilayered collagen-hyaluronate scaffold
2016
Today, chronic respiratory disease is one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Epithelial dysfunction can play a central role in its pathophysiology. The development of physiologically-representative in vitro model systems using tissue-engineered constructs might improve our understanding of epithelial tissue and disease. This study sought to engineer a bilayered collagen-hyaluronate (CHyA-B) scaffold for the development of a physiologically-representative 3D in vitro tracheobronchial epithelial co-culture model. CHyA-B scaffolds were fabricated by integrating a thin film top-layer into a porous sub-layer with lyophilisation. The film layer firmly connected to the sub-layer with del…