Search results for "Cerebral Cortex"
showing 10 items of 529 documents
Naturalistic music and dance: Cortical phase synchrony in musicians and dancers
2018
Expertise in music has been investigated for decades and the results have been applied not only in composition, performance and music education, but also in understanding brain plasticity in a larger context. Several studies have revealed a strong connection between auditory and motor processes and listening to and performing music, and music imagination. Recently, as a logical next step in music and movement, the cognitive and affective neuro-sciences have been directed towards expertise in dance. To understand the versatile and overlapping processes during artistic stimuli, such as music and dance, it is necessary to study them with continuous naturalistic stimuli. Thus, we used long exce…
Expression of connexin36 in the adult and developing rat brain.
2000
The distribution of connexin36 (Cx36) in the adult rat brain and retina has been analysed at the protein (immunofluorescence) and mRNA (in situ hybridization) level. Cx36 immunoreactivity, consisting primarily of round or elongated puncta, is highly enriched in specific brain regions (inferior olive and the olfactory bulb), in the retina, in the anterior pituitary and in the pineal gland, in agreement with the high levels of Cx36 mRNA in the same regions. A lower density of immunoreactive puncta can be observed in several brain regions, where only scattered subpopulations of cells express Cx36 mRNA. By combining in situ hybridization for Cx36 mRNA with immunohistochemistry for a general neu…
Lateral differences in GABA binding sites in rat brain.
1988
An asymmetric distribution of GABA binding sites was found in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellar hemispheres, striatum, and thalamus. Higher levels of [3H]GABA binding were observed in the left-side of most brain areas and in a greater percentage of adult rats, but the opposite asymmetry was found in the thalamus. A similar left-right difference in cerebral hemispheres was also found in five day-old rats, suggesting the genetic predetermination of asymmetry.
Local Cerebral Blood Flow in a Rat Cortical Vein Occlusion Model
1996
The symptoms following sinus and vein occlusion observed in patients and experimental animals display a considerable variability that so far remains largely unexplained. In a rat cortical vein occlusion model using a photochemical thrombotic technique, we examined changes in the cerebral venous flow pattern by fluorescence angiography and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebral blood volume fraction (CBVF) by a modern laser Doppler “scanning” technique. Brain damage was assessed histologically. Fluorescence angiographic findings fell into two groups: group A, rats with an altered venous flow pattern after occlusion (n = 12), and group B, rats with interruption of blood flow and/or…
Novel complement C1 inhibitor BSF468248 does not improve brain damage after cortical vein occlusion
2003
BSF468248 is a novel potent complement C1 inhibitor. To determine whether BSF468248 is effective against focal cerebral ischemia, we evaluated the change of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and infarction volume using a photochemically-induced cortical vein occlusion model in rats in blind studies. In 22 Wistar rats, two adjacent cortical veins were occluded by photochemical thrombosis and fiberoptic illumination under controlled anesthesia and ventilation. Just after the occlusion, BSF468248 or physiological saline was administrated. In the low-dose study, a treatment group (n = 7) was administered BSF468248 1 mg/kg bolus and 1 mg/kg continuously for 30 min. The same volume of saline was given to…
Cluster analysis of mrna expression levels identifies multiple sequential patterns following focal cerebral ischemia
2012
AIM The purpose of this study is to detect gene expression patterns following focal cerebral ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS 25 male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 8) and ischemic (n = 17) groups. In the ischemic group, slowly progressing focal ischemia was simulated by two-vein occlusion with spreading depression (SD) a cortical microinjection of KCl induced. Ischemic tissue was removed at 2, 8, 24, or 72 h postischemia. Using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we investigated mRNA expression levels of 13 representative genes related to cerebral ischemia. Cluster analysis of the gene expression levels was done. RESULTS In the ischemic group, the ex…
The default mode network and the working memory network are not anti-correlated during all phases of a working memory task
2015
INTRODUCTION:\ud \ud The default mode network and the working memory network are known to be anti-correlated during sustained cognitive processing, in a load-dependent manner. We hypothesized that functional connectivity among nodes of the two networks could be dynamically modulated by task phases across time.\ud METHODS:\ud \ud To address the dynamic links between default mode network and the working memory network, we used a delayed visuo-spatial working memory paradigm, which allowed us to separate three different phases of working memory (encoding, maintenance, and retrieval), and analyzed the functional connectivity during each phase within and between the default mode network and the …
Thalamic relay or cortico-thalamic processing? Old question, new answers.
2013
Ascending and descending information is relayed through the thalamus via strong, “driver” pathways. According to our current knowledge, different driver pathways are organized in parallel streams and do not interact at the thalamic level. Using an electron microscopic approach combined with optogenetics and in vivo physiology, we examined whether driver inputs arising from different sources can interact at single thalamocortical cells in the rodent somatosensory thalamus (nucleus posterior, POm). Both the anatomical and the physiological data demonstrated that ascending driver inputs from the brainstem and descending driver inputs from cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons converge and interac…
Event-Related Potentials and Consonant Differentiation in Newborns with Familial Risk for Dyslexia
2004
We measured event-related potentials (ERPs) to synthetic consonant-vowel syllables (/ba/, /da/, /ga/) from 26 newborns with familial risk for dyslexia and 23 control infants participating in the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia. The syllables were presented with equal probability and with interstimulus intervals ranging from 3,010 to 7,285 ms. Analyses of averaged ERPs from the latencies identified on the basis of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant group differences in stop-consonant processing in several latency ranges. At the latencies of 50-170 ms and 540-630 ms, the responses to /ga/ were larger and more positive than those to /ba/ and /da/ in the right hem…
Muscular alteration in agyria with pyramidal tract anomaly
1986
A 4-year-old boy with a history of muscular hypotonia, mental retardation, microcephaly, and generalized convulsions was found at autopsy to have agyria, agenesis of the anterior commissure and posterior corpus callosum as well as an abnormal decussation of pyramidal tracts which descended in the spinal dorsal columns. Postmortem muscular alterations included type IIc fiber hypertrophy and type I fiber grouping, variably expressed in individual muscles and intramuscular fascicles. This may represent a developmental delay compatible with a gestational age between the 34th and 40th week. These studies also indicate the importance of examining (a) multiple samples of postmortem muscles and (b)…