Search results for "Cerveau"

Brain Control of Plasma Cholesterol Involves Polysialic Acid Molecules in the Hypothalamus

2017

IF 3.566; International audience; The polysialic acid (PSA) is a large glycan that is added to cell-surface proteins during their post-translational maturation. In the brain, PSA modulates distances between cells and controls the plasticity of the nervous system. In the hypothalamus, PSA is involved in many aspects of energy balance including food intake, osmoregulation, circadian rhythm, and sleep. In this work, we investigated the role of hypothalamic PSA in the regulation of plasma cholesterol levels and distribution. We report that HFD consumption in mice rapidly increased plasma cholesterol, including VLDL, LDL, and HDL-cholesterol. Although plasma VLDL-cholesterol was normalized withi…

Lack of Hypothalamus Polysialylation Inducibility Correlates With Maladaptive Eating Behaviors and Predisposition to Obesity

2018

This original research article (6 p.) is part of the research topic . Specialty section: This article was submitted to Neuroenergetics, Nutrition and Brain Health, a section of the journal Frontiers in Nutrition.; International audience; High variability exists in individual susceptibility to develop overweight in an obesogenic environment and the biological underpinnings of this heterogeneity are poorly understood. In this brief report, we show in mice that the vulnerability to diet-induced obesity is associated with low level of polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a factor of neural plasticity, in the hypothalamus. As we previously shown that reduction of hypothalami…

The Intracranial Distribution of Gliomas in Relation to Exposure From Mobile Phones: Analyses From the INTERPHONE Study

2016

When investigating the association between brain tumors and use of mobile telephones, accurate data on tumor position are essential, due to the highly localized absorption of energy in the human brain from the radio-frequency fields emitted. We used a point process model to investigate this association using information that included tumor localization data from the INTERPHONE Study (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). Our main analysis included 792 regular mobile phone users diagnosed with a glioma between 2000 and 2004. Similar to earlier results, we found a statistically significant association …

Rethinking physical and rehabilitation medicine: new technologies induce new learning strategies

2010

International audience; Reeducation consists in training people injured by either illness or the vagaries of life to achieve the best fundionality now possible for them. Strangely, the subject is not taught in the normal educational curricula of the relevant professions. Reeducation thus tends to be developed anew with each patient, without recourse to knowledge of what such training, or assistance in such training, might be. However, new paradigms of reeducation are in fact possible today, thanks to advances in cognitive science and the development of new technologies such as virtual reality and robotics. In turn, they lead to the rethinking of the procedures of physical medicine, as well …

Travail posté et maladies cérébro- et cardiovasculaires : revue critique et synthèse des preuves épidémiologiques

2013

National audience; Une revue critique de la littérature a été menée sur le lien entre travail posté (TP) et survenue de maladies cérébro- et cardiovasculaires (MCCV). Dans plusieurs études de bonne qualité, le TP est associé à une augmentation modeste mais significative du risque de maladies cardiaques ischémiques fatales et non fatales. Les conclusions sont moins claires pour le lien avec la mortalité cardiovasculaire ischémique et les pathologies cérébrovasculaires. Sur le plan de la causalité, des biais de sélection difficiles à prendre en compte sur le plan méthodologique ne peuvent être écartés pour expliquer ces associations observées. Lien causal ou marqueur socio-économique ? Cette …

Quelle attractivité pour les études scientifiques dans une société de la connaissance ?

2014

Depuis une vingtaine d'années, le thème de l'attractivité des filières scientifiques dans l'enseignement supérieur a suscité de nombreuses controverses questionnant, par exemple, l'intérêt des jeunes pour les sciences, la manière de les enseigner ou même la fuite des cerveaux. Cet ouvrage apporte un éclairage longitudinal à ces débats en regardant comment la question de l'attractivité se pose dans les parcours scolaires et universitaires, puis dans les trajectoires professionnelles des jeunes diplômés. À partir de l'exploitation de différentes enquêtes, les auteurs soulignent l'importance des stratégies d'orientation et d'insertion professionnelle des élèves et étudiants face à un marché du…

A de novo microdeletion of SEMA5A in a boy with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

2016

AbstractSemaphorins are a large family of secreted and membrane-associated proteins necessary for wiring of the brain. Semaphorin 5A (SEMA5A) acts as a bifunctional guidance cue, exerting both attractive and inhibitory effects on developing axons. Previous studies have suggested that SEMA5A could be a susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We first identified a de novo translocation t(5;22)(p15.3;q11.21) in a patient with ASD and intellectual disability (ID). At the translocation breakpoint on chromosome 5, we observed a 861-kb deletion encompassing the end of the SEMA5A gene. We delineated the breakpoint by NGS and observed that no gene was disrupted on chromosome 22. We…

Dossier : Fuite ou mobilité des cerveaux ? (Introduction)

2008

Venez découvrir le cerveau ! Au Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation à Dijon

2017

Rencontrer des chercheurs qui travaillent sur le cerveau, chatouiller votre curiosité, échanger, poser des questions ?C'est ce que nous vous proposons lundi 13 et samedi 18 mars !Au travers de conférences (samedi), d'ateliers (lundi), les chercheurs vous proposent de mieux comprendre le cerveau.Tentez l'expérience !

Microglia and α-synuclein implication in Parkinson's disease

2011

Age-related neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease take an enormous toll on individuals and on society. Despite extensive efforts, Parkinson’s disease remains incurable and only very limited treatments exist. Indeed, Parkinson’s pathogenesis is still not clear and research on its molecular mechanisms is ongoing. In this study, we focused our interest on two abnormal events occurring in Parkinson’s patients, namely α-synuclein aggregation and microglial activation. We first investigated α-synuclein and its abnormal polymerisation. For this purpose, we developed novel methods, which allowed the in vitro production of different types of α-synuclein oligomers. Using highly sensiti…