Search results for "Chain reaction"

Stress hormones promote growth of B16-F10 melanoma metastases: an interleukin 6- and glutathione-dependent mechanism

2013

[EN] Background: Interleukin (IL)-6 (mainly of tumor origin) activates glutathione (GSH) release from hepatocytes and its interorgan transport to B16-F10 melanoma metastatic foci. We studied if this capacity to overproduce IL-6 is regulated by cancer cell-independent mechanisms. Methods: Murine B16-F10 melanoma cells were cultured, transfected with red fluorescent protein, injected i.v. into syngenic C57BL/6J mice to generate lung and liver metastases, and isolated from metastatic foci using high-performance cell sorting. Stress hormones and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA, and CRH expression in the brain by in situ hybridization. DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B, CREB, AP-1, and NF-IL…

Progestogens reduce thromboxane production by cultured human endothelial cells.

2011

Objectives Progestogens have been poorly studied concerning their roles in endothelial physiology. Prostanoids are vasoactive compounds, such as thromboxane A2, a potent vasoconstrictor, and prostacyclin, a vasodilator. We examined the effects of two progestogens used clinically, progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate, on thromboxane A2 production by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and investigated the role of progesterone receptors and the enzymes involved in production of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin. Methods Cells were exposed to 1‐100 nmol/l of either progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate, and thromboxane A2 production was measured in culture mediu…

Estradiol Stimulates Vasodilatory and Metabolic Pathways in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells

2009

Vascular effects of estradiol are being investigated because there are controversies among clinical and experimental studies. DNA microarrays were used to investigate global gene expression patterns in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to 1 nmol/L estradiol for 24 hours. When compared to control, 187 genes were identified as differentially expressed with 1.9-fold change threshold. Supervised principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed the differences between control and estradiol-treated samples. Physiological concentrations of estradiol are sufficient to elicit significant changes in HUVEC gene expression. Notch signaling, actin cyt…

Isolation and confirmation of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) disease in golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) and leaping mullet (Liza saliens) in the Irani…

2016

The present study was conducted on 428 moribund mullet fish samples to isolate and identify the causative agent of a mysterious acute mortality which recently occurred in wild mullets in Iranian waters of Caspian Sea, suspected to be due to viral nervous necrosis (VNN) disease. Disease investigation was carried out employing various diagnostic procedures such as virology, bacteriology, parasitology, haematology, histopathology, IFAT, IHC and nested RT-PCR. Brain and eye samples of affected fishes were collected in sterile conditions and then kept at -80 °C for cell culture isolation and nested RT-PCR detection of the causative agent. Other tissue samples were also collected and fixed for hi…

Molecular Analysis of the Androgen Receptor Gene in 52 Patients with Complete or Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: A Collaborative Study

1992

In patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), RFLP study of the androgen receptor gene made it possible to analyze whether deletions or mutations could be responsible for abnormalities in androgen responsiveness. We studied RFLPs of DNA from 25 46,XY patients with partial AIS (PAIS), defined as a concentration of androgen receptor in genital-skin fibroblasts less than 340 fmol/mg DNA, and DNA from 27 46,XY patients with complete AIS (CAIS) with no detectable androgen receptor site. DNA samples were digested with BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII and TaqI restriction enzymes and hybridized with three cDNA probes covering the three domains of the androgen receptor. When we had the maternal and …

Signaling through BMPR-IA regulates quiescence and long-term activity of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus.

2010

SummaryNeural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult hippocampus divide infrequently, and the molecules that modulate their quiescence are largely unknown. Here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is active in hippocampal NSCs, downstream of BMPR-IA. BMPs reversibly diminish proliferation of cultured NSCs while maintaining their undifferentiated state. In vivo, acute blockade of BMP signaling in the hippocampus by intracerebral infusion of Noggin first recruits quiescent NSCs into the cycle and increases neurogenesis; subsequently, it leads to decreased stem cell division and depletion of precursors and newborn neurons. Consistently, selective ablation of Bmpr1a in hippocampal …

Regulation by oestrogens of tachykinin NK3 receptor expression in the rat uterus.

1997

The expression of the tachykinin NK3 receptor and its regulation by ovarian steroids were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in uteri from ovariectomized rats. A single transcript corresponding to the 325-bp product expected for the tachykinin NK3 receptor was detected in uteri from olive oil-treated (control) ovariectomized rats. The level of tachykinin NK3 receptor mRNA in progesterone-treated animals was similar to that observed in uteri from control ones. Tachykinin NK3 receptor mRNA levels were significantly smaller in uteri from oestrogen-treated ovariectomized rats, with approximately a 32-fold decrease. These findings suggest that oestrogen, but not…

A-6G polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene and body weight changes in essential hypertension: a prospective study

2001

Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Induces a Functional Genomic Delay of the Endometrium with Potential Clinical Implications

2008

Context: Controlled ovarian stimulation induces morphological, biochemical, and functional genomic modifications of the human endometrium during the window of implantation. Objective: Our objective was to compare the gene expression profile of the human endometrium in natural vs. controlled ovarian stimulation cycles throughout the early-mid secretory transition using microarray technology. Method: Microarray data from 49 endometrial biopsies obtained from LH+1 to LH+9 (n = 25) in natural cycles and from human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) +1 to hCG+9 in controlled ovarian stimulation cycles (n = 24) were analyzed using different methods, such as clustering, profiling of biological processes…

Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion during development of the rat supraoptic nucleus

2009

Since a relationship between atrial natriuretic peptide and oxytocin was recently demonstrated in the heart (Gutkowska et al., 1997), the aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship between the two peptides is present also in the rat hypothalamus. For this purpose, we measured ANP-ontogeny in the rat hypothalamus immunohistochemically and compared it with oxytocin-ontogeny which we previously studied. The results showed that the ANP-peptide and mRNA-ANP start at the 18th day of the fetal life. Our earlier data for oxytocin in the rat hypothalamus showed that only mRNA-oxytocin appeared the 18th day of foetal life (Farina Lipari et al., 2001); thus, at the 18th day of foetal li…