Search results for "Chains"

Rational Management of Macroglossia Due to Acquired Systemic Amyloidosis: Does Surgery Play a Role?

2008

IL-21 Regulates the Differentiation of a Human γδ T Cell Subset Equipped with B Cell Helper Activity

2012

Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens without presentation by MHC molecules and display pleiotropic features. Here we report that coculture of Vγ9Vδ2 cells with phosphoantigen and IL-21 leads to selective expression of the transcription repressor Bcl-6 and polarization toward a lymphocyte subset displaying features of follicular B-helper T (T(FH)) cells. T(FH) like Vγ9Vδ2 cells have a predominant central memory (CD27(+)CD45RA(-)) phenotype and express ICOS, CD40L and CXCR5. Upon antigen activation, they secrete IL-4, IL-10 and CXCL13, and provide B-cell help for antibody production in vitro. Our findings delineate a subset of human Vγ9Vδ2 lymphocytes, which, upon interaction w…

INFγ stimulates arginine transport through system y+L in human monocytes

2004

Freshly isolated human monocytes transport L-arginine mostly through a sodium independent, NEM insensitive pathway inhibited by L-leucine in the presence, but not in the absence of sodium. Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) stimulates this pathway, identifiable with system y+L, and markedly enhances the expression of SLC7A7, the gene that encodes for system y+L subunit y+LAT1, but not of SLC7A6, that codes for the alternative subunit y+LAT2. System y+ plays a minor role in arginine uptake by monocytes and the expression of system y+-related genes, SLC7A1 and SLC7A2, is not changed by IFNgamma. These results demonstrate that system y+L is sensitive to IFNgamma.

Global exponential stability of delayed Markovian jump fuzzy cellular neural networks with generally incomplete transition probability

2014

The problem of global exponential stability in mean square of delayed Markovian jump fuzzy cellular neural networks (DMJFCNNs) with generally uncertain transition rates (GUTRs) is investigated in this paper. In this GUTR neural network model, each transition rate can be completely unknown or only its estimate value is known. This new uncertain model is more general than the existing ones. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals, several sufficient conditions on the exponential stability in mean square of its equilibrium solution are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our res…

Determining noise and vibration exposure in conifer cross-cutting operations by using Li-Ion batteries and electric chainsaws

2018

In many activities, chainsaw users are exposed to the risk of injuries and several other hazard factors that may cause health problems. In fact, environmental and working conditions when using chainsaws result in workers&rsquo

Cleavage of endometrial α-integrins into their functional forms is mediated by proprotein convertase 5/6.

2012

Background Proprotein convertases (PCs) post-translationally activate a large number of protein precursors through limited cleavage. PC5/6 (PC6) in the human endometrium is tightly regulated during receptivity for embryo implantation. Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins, some of which play an important role in the adhesive interactions between the trophoblast (blastocyst) and uterine epithelium at implantation. Integrins require PC cleavage for post-translational modification. We hypothesize that pro-integrin-αs in the endometrial epithelium are post-translationally cleaved by PC6 into functional subunits for the binding of blastocyst and adhesion of extracellular matrix proteins. Met…

Overall asthma control: the relationship between current control and future risk.

2009

Background Asthma guidelines emphasize both maintaining current control and reducing future risk, but the relationship between these 2 targets is not well understood. Objective This retrospective analysis of 5 budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART Turbuhaler ∗ ∗Symbicort SMART and Turbuhaler are trademarks owned by AstraZeneca. Neither the Symbicort SMART posology nor the dry powder formulation Turbuhaler are currently approved in the United States.) studies assessed the relationship between asthma control questionnaire (ACQ-5) and Global Initiative for Asthma-defined clinical asthma control and future risk of instability and exacerbations. Methods The perc…

Identification of NY-ESO-1 epitopes presented by human histocompatibility antigen (HLA)-DRB4*0101-0103 and recognized by CD4(+) T lymphocytes of pati…

2000

NY-ESO-1 is a member of the cancer-testis family of tumor antigens that elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with NY-ESO-1–expressing cancers. Since CD4+ T lymphocytes play a critical role in generating antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte and antibody responses, we searched for NY-ESO-1 epitopes presented by histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules. Autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells of cancer patients were incubated with recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein and used in enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays to detect NY-ESO-1–specific CD4+ T lymphocyte responses. To identify possible epitopes presented by distinct HLA class II allele…

Molecular Basis for the Interaction of the Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen with the Surface Immunoglobulin Receptor on Naive B Cells

2001

ABSTRACTThe nucleocapsid of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is composed of 180 to 240 copies of the HBV core (HBc) protein. HBc antigen (HBcAg) capsids are extremely immunogenic and can activate naive B cells by cross-linking their surface receptors. The molecular basis for the interaction between HBcAg and naive B cells is not known. The functionality of this activation was evidenced in that low concentrations of HBcAg, but not the nonparticulate homologue HBV envelope antigen (HBeAg), could prime naive B cells to produce anti-HBc in vitro with splenocytes from HBcAg- and HBeAg-specific T-cell receptor transgenic mice. The frequency of these HBcAg-binding B cells was estimated by both hybridom…

Multiple levels of MHC class I down-regulation by ras oncogenes.

1996

A number of tumours and oncogene transformed cells displayed reduced MHC class I surface expression which seemed to enable their escape from immune surveillance. To test whether oncogenic activation is directly involved in suppressing MHC class I expression, a model of inducible oncogene expression was chosen. Mouse fibroblasts transfected with different oncogenes expressed under the control of the dexamethasone-inducible MMTV promoter were analysed in the presence and absence of hormone for the mRNA and protein expression of MHC class I molecules as well as the respective oncogenes. Immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated an inverse association of MHC class I and oncogene expression after…