Search results for "Chemical engineering"
showing 10 items of 5892 documents
Multifarious pretreatment strategies for the lignocellulosic substrates for the generation of renewable and sustainable biofuels: A review
2020
Abstract Currently major part of the world’s energy requirements is fulfilled by fossil resources. Severe economic and environmental problems along with their limited resources are still a major issue. Long-term environmental and commercial concern has focussed into huge research in the past decades to replace fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy. The main focus of energy research is lignocellulosic substrates, which seems to be the best for energy application due to easily availability, cost-effective and environment favourable production process. Therefore, lignocellulosic materials provide economical, environmental and energetic benefits with an alternative to traditional or hig…
Evaluation of the 2-Methoxyethanol as Entrainer in Ethanol–Water and 1-Propanol–Water Mixtures
2013
In this paper, 2-methoxyethanol (commercially known as methyl cellosolve) is proposed as a potential entrainer for extractive distillation processes involving water–alcohol mixtures. The two alcohols studied in this work are ethanol and 1-propanol. Thereby, isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at atmospheric pressure have been measured for the ternary systems ethanol + water + 2-methoxyethanol and 1-propanol + water + 2-methoxyethanol. Moreover, data of the binary systems formed by the 2-methoxyethanol and each of the other chemicals used (ethanol, water, 1-propanol) have been obtained. The well-known local composition models Wilson, UNIQUAC, and NRTL have been used to correlate bin…
Densities, Viscosities, and Refractive Indices of the Binary Systems Methyl tert-Butyl Ether + 2-Methylpentane, + 3-Methylpentane, + 2,3-Dimethylpent…
2000
This paper reports experimental densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of the binary systems methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) + 2-methylpentane, + 3-methylpentane, + 2,3-dimethylpentane, and + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane over the entire range of composition, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations were evaluated from the experimental data. These excess or derived properties were fitted to the Redlich−Kister equation to estimate the binary interaction parameters. The experimental values of viscosity have been compared to values predicted by means of the GC−UNIMOD model.
Application of porcini mushroom ( Boletus edulis ) to improve the quality of frankfurters
2020
The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Boletus edulis decoction and the effect of mushroom addition on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of frankfurters during refrigerated storage were studied. The addition of mushroom delayed the increase in the total number of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms during the storage. The incorporation of B. edulis in cooked sausages resulted in the significantly higher hardness of frankfurters in comparison with control, during chilled storage. Mushroom addition significantly affected the color of sausages throughout storage, but no deficiencies in sensory acceptance test were obtained. Generally, this mushroom can be used as a natu…
Plant-wide modelling in wastewater treatment: showcasing experiences using the Biological Nutrient Removal Model
2020
Abstract Plant-wide modelling can be considered an appropriate approach to represent the current complexity in water resource recovery facilities, reproducing all known phenomena in the different process units. Nonetheless, novel processes and new treatment schemes are still being developed and need to be fully incorporated in these models. This work presents a short chronological overview of some of the most relevant plant-wide models for wastewater treatment, as well as the authors' experience in plant-wide modelling using the general model BNRM (Biological Nutrient Removal Model), illustrating the key role of general models (also known as supermodels) in the field of wastewater treatment…
Advances in plant materials, food by-products, and algae conversion into biofuels: use of environmentally friendly technologies
2019
Green technologies have emerged as useful tools for the generation of clean fuels with the potential to minimize the effect of human activity on the environment. Currently, these fuels are mainly composed of hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil. Over the past two decades, biomass has gained significant attention as a renewable feedstock for more sustainable biofuel production and has been a great candidate to replace fossil fuels. The principal components of most of the available biomass are cellulose, hemi-cellulose, and lignin. Although the available green technologies for biofuel production are progressing rapidly, productivity and chemical yield from these techniques are still below the…
PHEA-PLA biocompatible nanoparticles by technique of solvent evaporation from multiple emulsions
2015
Nanocarriers of amphiphilic polymeric materials represent versatile delivery systems for poorly water soluble drugs. In this work the technique of solvent evaporation from multiple emulsions was applied to produce nanovectors based on new amphiphilic copolymer, the α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide-polylactic acid (PHEA-PLA), purposely synthesized to be used in the controlled release of active molecules poorly soluble in water. To this aim an amphiphilic derivative of PHEA, a hydrophilic polymer, was synthesized by derivatization of the polymeric backbone with hydrophobic grafts of polylactic acid (PLA). The achieved copolymer was thus used to produce nanoparticles loaded with α toc…
Stabilization of unilamellar catanionic vesicles induced by β-cyclodextrins: A strategy for a tunable drug delivery depot.
2018
The limited stability of catanionic vesicles has discouraged their wide use for encapsulation and controlled release of active substances. Their structure can easily break down to form lamellar phases, micelles or rearrange into multilamellar vesicles, as a consequence of small changes in their composition. However, despite the limited stability, catanionic vesicles possess an attractive architecture, which is able to efficiently encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. Therefore, improving the stability of the vesicles, as well as the control on unilamellar structures, are prerequisites for their wider application range. This study focuses on the impact of β-cyclodextrins fo…
Solid microcrystalline dispersion films as a new strategy to improve the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drugs: A case study using olanzapine
2016
In this study, we evaluate the dissolution rate enhancement of solid microcrystalline dispersion (SMD) films of olanzapine (OLZ) formulated with four water-soluble polymers namely poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poloxamer 188 (P188), poloxamer 407 (P407) and Soluplus(®) (SLP). Prepared formulations were characterised to determine particle size, morphology, hydrogen bonding interactions, thermal characteristics as well as in vitro dissolution studies conducted under sink conditions (pH 6.8). Particle size of OLZ in all formulations ranged between 42 and 58μm. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Hot-Stage…
Porous 3D Printed Scavenger Filters for Selective Recovery of Precious Metals from Electronic Waste
2018
Selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing is used to fabricate highly macroporous ion scavenger filters for recovery of Pd and Pt from electronic waste. The scavengers are printed by using a mixture of polypropylene with 10 wt% of type‐1 anion exchange resin. Porosities and the flow‐through properties of the filters are controlled by adjusting the SLS printing parameters. The cylinder‐shaped filters are used in selective recovery of Pd and Pt from acidic leachate of electronic waste simply by passing the solution through the object. Under such conditions, the scavenger filters are able to capture Pd and Pt as anionic complexes with high efficiency from a solution containing mixture of dif…