Search results for "Children"
showing 10 items of 1661 documents
Prevalence of Parental Alcohol Problems among a General Population Sample of 28,047 Norwegian Adults: Evidence for a Socioeconomic Gradient
2021
The aim of the study presented here was to estimate the prevalence of parental alcohol problems during childhood in a general population of Norwegian adults, and to investigate associations between parental alcohol problems during childhood and lower socioeconomic status in adulthood. This cross-sectional study recruited 28,047 adults (≥18 years) to an online health survey (Norwegian Counties Public Health Surveys). We evaluated demographic and socioeconomic measures and responses to a shortened version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-6) scale to assess whether respondents perceived parental alcohol consumption during childhood as problematic. Respondents reported parenta…
Children’s Diet during the Early Stages of the Nutritional Transition. The Foundlings in the Hospital of Valencia (Spain), 1852–1931
2021
The nutritional transition brought about profound changes in the nutrition of the European population in the 19th and 20th centuries. The predominant consumption of cereals gave way to kilocalorie-, protein-, vitamin- and mineral-rich diets that involved a greater intake of animal products. However, not all population groups underwent this transition at the same pace
Risk analysis of main mycotoxins occurring in food for children: An overview
2015
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi contaminating the food chain that are toxic to animals and humans. Children up to 12 years old are recognized as a potentially vulnerable subgroup with respect to consumption of these contaminants. Apart from having a higher exposure per kg body weight, they have a different physiology from that of adults. Therefore they may be more sensitive to neurotoxic, endocrine and immunological effects. For these reasons, a specific and up-to-date risk analysis for this category is of great interest. In this review, an accurate analysis of the main mycotoxins occurring in food intended for children (deoxynivalenol, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, patuli…
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child's Role in Litigation Before the Committee of Experts of the African Children's Charter
2020
On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, this article contributes to a reflection about the Convention's impact on domestic and international case law by investigating its role in, and implications for, litigation before the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. To this end, the analysis starts by tracing the core aspects of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, and by comparing its content to that of the UN Convention. It then investigates the extent to which, in its practice, the African Committee has engaged with (or, indeed, ignored or overlooked) the UN Convention, and critically assess…
Violence, exclusion and the role of children and adolescents moral features in the sport domain: The save project
2019
The prevention of violence and exclusion in the sport domain is one of the principal priorities of the European Union Programs. Sport Against Violence and Exclusion (SAVE) Project is an initiative co-founded by the Erasmus Plus Programme of the European Commission, whose aim is to train coach to recognize and manage violent and exclusion episodes in the sport situation. According to the psychological literature, one of the predictors of aggressiveness and antisocial tendencies is morality. In particular, for what concerns children, a less mature moral reasoning is associated to a greater tendency to aggress, while for adolescents, the moral atmosphere, in particular, the perception of the c…
B Cells Compartment in Centenarian Offspring and Old People
2010
Immunosenescence is considered a major contributory factor to the increased frequency of morbidity and mortality among elderly. On the other hand centenarians are considered the best example of successful ageing. To gain insight into mechanisms of immunosenescence and its clinical relevance, a possible model is represented by centenarians and/or their offspring. Nowadays centenarians are not more a curiosity, but in Europe are 1/8000 inhabitants and it has been demonstrated that the centenarian offspring, who are typically in their 70s and 80s, have a survival advantage when compared with age-matched controls whose parents died at an average life expectancy. Then again, studies on immunosen…
Alexithymic characteristics in pediatric patients with primary headache: a comparison between migraine and tension-type headache
2015
Background: Alexithymia is a personality construct characterized by difficulties in verbal emotional expression and a limited ability to use one’s imagination. Evidence of alexithymic characteristics was found in adults suffering from headache, while little is known about children. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of alexithymia in two different subgroups of children and adolescents suffering from primary headache. We also looked for correlation between alexithymia in children and in their mothers. Methods: This study involved 89 participants: 47 (11 males, 36 females, aged 8 to 17 years) suffering from tension-type headache (TTH), and 42 (18 males, 24 females, aged 8 t…
The future outlook on allergen immunotherapy in children: 2018 and beyond
2018
Abstract Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only currently available immune-modifying and aetiological treatment for patients suffering from IgE-mediated diseases. In childhood, it represents a suitable therapeutic option to intervene during the early phases of respiratory allergic diseases such as rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma, which is when their progression may be more easily influenced. A growing body of evidence shows that oral immunotherapy represents a promising treatment option in children with persistent IgE- mediated food allergy. The efficacy of AIT is under investigation also in patients with extrinsic atopic dermatitis, currently with controversial results. Furthermore, AIT …
Asthma, allergies and respiratory symptoms in different activity groups of swimmers exercising in swimming halls
2021
Abstract Background Respiratory symptoms are common in competitive swimmers. However, among these and in swimmers at other activity levels the swimming distance, the total spent time in swimming halls and their medical background varies. Our objectives were, first, to assess their medical histories and the associations with respiratory symptoms among swimmers in different activity groups and then second, to study the pulmonary function findings and related medications in competitive swimmers who exercise in swimming hall environments the most. Methods First, 1118 participants consisting of 133 competitive-, 734 fitness- and 251 occasional swimmers answered questionnaires concerning their me…
Nasal Cellularity in 183 Unselected Schoolchildren Aged 9 to 11 Years
2002
Objective. Although rhinitis is extremely frequent in children, methods for assessing the severity of nasal inflammation produce results with wide variability and hence weak clinical significance. We designed this epidemiologic investigation to define the clinical usefulness of assessing nasal cellularity in children. Methods. We studied 183 of 203 eligible unselected schoolchildren who were aged 9 to 11 years and whose parents gave informed consent and completed a questionnaire on the history of atopic and respiratory symptoms. In all children, nasal swabs were obtained from both nostrils and eluted in saline and slides were prepared from cytospin preparations for staining and white cell c…