Search results for "Cholin"

9. Fluency in Language Assessment

2019

Improved automated synthesis of [18F]fluoroethylcholine as a radiotracer for cancer imaging.

2007

[(18)F]Fluoroethylcholine has been recently introduced as a promising (18)F-labelled analogue of [(11)C]choline which had been previously described as a tracer for metabolic cancer imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Due to the practical advantages of using the longer-lived radioisotope (18)F (t(1/2)=110 min), offering the opportunity of a more widespread clinical application, we established a reliable, fully automated synthesis for its production using a modified, commercially available module. [(18)F]Fluoroethylcholine was prepared from N,N-dimethylaminoethanol by iodide catalyzed alkylation with 1-[(18)F]fluoro-2-tosylethane as alkylating agent, resulting in a total radioche…

Effects of extra-fine inhaled beclomethasone/formoterol on both large and small airways in asthma

2010

Background: Airway inflammation in asthma involves both large and small airways, and the combination of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long acting beta-2 agonists (LABA) is the mainstay of therapy. Available inhaled combinations differ in terms of drug delivery to the lung and the ability to reach small airways. Aim: To evaluate whether treatment with an extra-fine inhaled combination provides additional effects vs a nonextra-fine combination on airway function. Methods: After a 1- to 4-week run-in period, patients with asthma were randomized to a double blind, double dummy, 12-week treatment with either extra-fine beclomethasone/formoterol (BDP/F) 400/24 lg daily or fluticasone propiona…

Chapter 17 Muscarinic receptors and cell signalling

1996

Publisher Summary Cells have developed signal transduction mechanisms in order to communicate with the cell exterior. Acetylcholine as an external signal is recognized by nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. This chapter presents various muscarinic receptors belonging to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors consisting of seven transmembrane (TM) helices tightly packed in a ring-like structure and arranged in a counter-clockwise fashion. Agonist binding leads to a conformational change of the receptor, thereby activating associated G proteins. Muscarinic stimulation of G proteins leads to the activation or inhibition of ion channels, such as K + and Ca 2+ channels, the activation of…

Functional evidence for GABA as modulator of the contractility of the longitudinal muscle in mouse duodenum: Role of GABAA and GABAC receptors

2007

We investigated, in vitro, the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the spontaneous mechanical activity of the longitudinal smooth muscle in mouse duodenum. GABA induced an excitatory effect, consisting in an increase in the basal tone, which was antagonized by the GABA(A)-receptor antagonist, bicuculline, potentiated by (1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid hydrate (TPMPA), a GABA(C)-receptor antagonist and it was not affected by phaclofen, a GABA(B)-receptor antagonist. Muscimol, GABA(A) receptor agonist, induced a contractile effect markedly reduced by bicuculline, tetrodotoxin (TTX), hexamethonium and atropine. Cis-4-aminocrotonic acid (CACA), a specific GABA(C) …

Neuroinflammation and acetylcholinesterase overexpression as the main targets for low doses of GABA-A receptor agonists in Alzheimer's disease rat mo…

2018

Cellular distribution in the rat telencephalon of mRNAs encoding for the alpha 3 and alpha 4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

1995

Pharmacological and electrophysiological studies provide evidence for the involvement of different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor isoforms in rat neocortical and hippocampal signal transduction. Yet, rather little is known on the cellular localization of these isoforms. With the availability of isoform specific nucleic acid probes and sensitive non-isotopic detection systems, nicotinic receptors can be studied on the mRNA level in individual neurons. In this way, we have paradigmatically studied the distribution of the alpha 3 and alpha 4 isoform mRNAs of the nicotinic receptor in the rat telencephalon. In the cerebral cortex, alpha 3 transcripts were mainly located in pyramidal neurons o…

Expression of the Acetylcholine Receptor α-Subunit Gene is Associated with Paraneoplastic Myasthenia Gravis in Mixed Thymoma

2000

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction [1]. The muscular AChR has been extensively characterized [2], but the etiology of MG is still obscure. Whether the muscular AChR or another (auto)antigen plays a role during the initiation of MG is unknown [3]. The muscular AChR is a pentameric ion channel composed of four different subunits. The α-subunit contains the acetylcholine binding site and the main epitopes recognized by MG autoantibodies [2]. The human muscle AChR α-subunit exists as two isoforms, P3A- and P3A+ [4]. This is a result of alternative splicing of the P3A exon located betwee…

BODIPY dyes functionalized with 2-(2-dimethylaminophenyl)ethanol moieties as selective OFF–ON fluorescent chemodosimeters for the nerve agent mimics …

2014

[EN] Two OFF-ON fluorescent chemodosimeters based on a BODIPY core for the detection of nerve agent mimics have been synthesized. Their reactivity towards diethylcyanophosphonate (DCNP) and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) has been tested in organic and aqueous phase. These chemodosimeters selectively detect the nerve agent mimics with good LODs. The chemodosimeters hold their sensing properties on solid supports, allowing the preparation of a hand held sensing kit. The sensing in solid-liquid phase has been demonstrated. The X-ray structure of compound 2 has been resolved.

Forma mentis networks map how nursing and engineering students enhance their mindsets about innovation and health during professional growth

2020

Reconstructing a “forma mentis”, a mindset, and its changes, means capturing how individuals perceive topics, trends and experiences over time. To this aim we use forma mentis networks (FMNs), which enable direct, microscopic access to how individuals conceptually perceive knowledge and sentiment around a topic, providing richer contextual information than machine learning. FMNs build cognitive representations of stances through psycholinguistic tools like conceptual associations from semantic memory (free associations, i.e., one concept eliciting another) and affect norms (valence, i.e., how attractive a concept is). We test FMNs by investigating how Norwegian nursing and engineering stude…