Search results for "Cognitive Style"
showing 10 items of 35 documents
The joint evolution of learning and dispersal maintains intraspecific diversity in metapopulations
2021
The evolution of dispersal tendencies and of cognitive abilities have both been intensely studied. Yet little attention has been given to the question of how these two aspects may relate to each other, as a result of their joint evolution. On the one hand, learning abilities may help dispersers to cope with their new habitat. On the other hand, dispersal may sometimes reduce the need for learning, because local environments may differ in how much there is to learn. To get a better understanding of this relationship, we built an individual‐based simulation in which both learning speed and dispersal tendency were free to evolve. We found that both positive and negative correlations could evol…
Modos de enseñanza en los videotutoriales de matemáticas: equilibrio entre eficacia puntual y utilidad formativa
2020
Resumo Presentamos una propuesta de análisis de videotutoriales de internet basado en los estilos cognitivos Holístico-analítico y Verbal-imaginativo. Para ello, se distinguen entre dos modos de enseñanza: la eficacia puntual (resolver un problema aquí y ahora) y la utilidad formativa (resolver un problema ahora y para problemáticas afines). La utilidad docente de un videotutorial puede depender de un equilibrio adecuado entre estos modos de enseñanza. Se trata de lograr resolver un problema ahora, pero con sustentos generales y a más largo plazo. La caracterización de los videotutoriales, en este sentido, podría ayudar a los profesores en la elección de videos, ya que según sus necesidades…
Pleasant Musical Imagery
2019
This article introduces the notion of pleasant musical imagery (PMI) for denoting everyday phenomena where people want to cherish music “in their heads.” This account differs from current paradigms for studying musical imagery in that it is not based a priori on (in)voluntariness of the experience. An empirical investigation of the structure and experiential content in 50 persons’ experiences of PMI applied the elicitation interview method. Peer judgments of the interviews helped to bridge a phenomenological investigation of particular experiences with systematic between-subjects analysis. Both structural features of the imagery (e.g., Looseness of structure or Looping) and content features…
Abnormal emotional processing in maltreated children diagnosed of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
2017
Abstract Maltreated children usually show a specific pattern of emotional and behavioral symptoms that exceed those relating to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms have been defined as Complex PTSD (CPTSD). The underlying attentional mechanisms of abnormal emotional processing and their relation to the clinical presentation of CPTSD are not well understood. A visual dot-probe paradigm involving pre-attentive (i.e., 500 ms) and attentive (i.e., 1500 ms) presentation rates of neutral versus emotional (i.e., angry, happy or sad) facial expressions was applied. Twenty-one maltreated CPTSD children were compared with twenty-six controls. The results are as follows: an attention …
Emotional and cognitive adjustment in abused children
1994
Research on the impact of maltreatment on children has increased in the last years, as there is a need to design appropriate treatment strategies. Social, cognitive, and emotional areas may be affected in these children. This research is aimed to study the psychological functioning of child victims, particularly in their emotional and cognitive adjustment. Nineteen children (10.3 years old) with case histories of at least 2 years of physical and emotional parental abuse and a group of 26 nonmaltreated children (9.4 years old) matched in socio-economic characteristics and coming from the same community area were compared in depressive symptomatology and attributional style by using the stand…
Superior analgesic effect of an active distraction versus pleasant unfamiliar sounds and music:The influence of emotion and cognitive style
2012
Listening to music has been found to reduce acute and chronic pain. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood; however, emotion and cognitive mechanisms have been suggested to influence the analgesic effect of music. In this study we investigated the influence of familiarity, emotional and cognitive features, and cognitive style on music-induced analgesia. Forty-eight healthy participants were divided into three groups (empathizers, systemizers and balanced) and received acute pain induced by heat while listening to different sounds. Participants listened to unfamiliar Mozart music rated with high valence and low arousal, unfamiliar environmental sounds with similar valence and arousa…
The Improvement of Moral Development Through an Increase in Reflection. A Training Programme
1998
Abstract In this study a training programme was implemented to increase reflectivity in 13‐and 14‐year‐old children in the 8th grade of a primary school in Spain. We hoped to confirm that an increase in reflectivity would promote moral development in these children. We did not use classical techniques for improving moral development (values clarification, moral dilemmas, etc.) but, rather, cognitive techniques to increase reflectivity‐‐ problem‐solving, self‐instruction, scanning strategies, and so on. We used Cairns and Cammock's Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF20) (1978) and Rest's Defining Issues Test (DIT) (1986) as measuring instruments. As we had supposed prior to the intention, we…
An examination of the relationships among United States college students' media use habits, need for cognition, and grade point average
2013
The current study uses survey methods to understand how US college students' use of various types of social media, such as social networking websites and text messaging on smart phones, as well as consumption of traditional media, such as watching television and reading books for pleasure, is (or is not) related to intellectual cognitive processing and performance in school. The current results, which were based on a number of multiple regression analyses, revealed college students’ use of traditional media appears to be a significant and viable predictor of both college students’ grade point averages (GPAs) and their levels of need for cognition (NFC). On the other hand, college students’ …
Análisis de variables psicopedagógicas en hijos adolescentes violentos desde el modelo cognitivo
2018
[EN] Parental abuse by sons and daughtersis a reality latent in our society. The present article analyzes the existence or not of psycho-pedagogical variables (academic and occupational) as risk factors in adolescents who exert violence against their parents. Methods used are descriptive, focused on the analysis of studies that contemplate these variables and compare them with research on aggressive offspring. Results suggest that these variables are risk factors for violent behaviors in adolescents due to violence towards parents and they suggest relevant issues to research, prevention and educational intervention. Hereby, from the cognitive model, interaction between intrapersonal and int…
Finding Factors Influencing Students’ Preferences to Concept Mapping Tasks: Literature Review
2014
Abstract There is a broad set of concept mapping tasks which can be used by teachers for assessing students’ knowledge structures but there are no known works of research studying their adaptation to students’ individual differences and preferences in relation to different tasks. The paper reports first results of activities which aim to offer a solution of the abovementioned problem. It is based on extensive review of theoretical and empirical studies and focuses on: a) identification of advantages and drawbacks of different concept mapping tasks, and b) finding factors which may affect students’ concept mapping ability.