Search results for "Comparisons"
showing 10 items of 85 documents
Small-diameter titanium Grade IV and titanium-zirconium implants in edentulous mandibles: three-year results from a double-blind, randomized controll…
2015
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare crestal bone-level changes, soft tissue parameters and implant success and survival between small-diameter implants made of titanium/zirconium (TiZr) alloy or of Grade IV titanium (Ti) in edentulous mandibles restored with removable overdentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind, split-mouth multicenter clinical trial. Patients with edentulous mandibles received two Straumann bone-level implants (diameter 3.3 mm), one of Ti Grade IV (control) and one of TiZr (test), in the interforaminal region. Implants were loaded after 6-8 weeks and removable Locator-retained overdentures were placed within 2 weeks of l…
The Impact of Student Diversity in Secondary Schools : An Analysis of the International PISA Data and Implications for the German Education System
2006
While increased heterogeneity in schools (diversity) leads to reduced segregation and greater equity for students from different family backgrounds, it is often expected to have a negative impact on overall performance, and on student well-being and motivation. In this study, neither cross-country comparisons nor student-level analysis confirm this hypothesis. In some countries, students' overall achievement as well as their interest and engagement even appear to be positively influenced by diversity, notably by socio-economic and cultural diversity. In Germany, socio-economic diversity has a positive impact on student achievement, and ability related and cultural diversity positively affec…
Sampling of pairwise comparisons in decision-making
2019
Various decision-making techniques rely on pairwise comparisons (PCs) between the involved elements. Traditionally, PCs are provided by experts or relevant actors, and compiled into pairwise comparison matrices (PCMs). In highly complex problems, the number of elements to be compared may be very large. One of the issues limiting PC applicability to large-scale decision problems is the so-called curse of dimensionality, that is, many PCs need to be elicited from an actor, or built from a body of information. In general, when applied to a set of n elements to be compared, the number of PCs that have to be made is n(n−1)/2. When the information in the comparison matrix is complete, the priorit…
L’exemplum del Dinomenide Gelone tra memoria civica e storiografica
2015
La storia della Sicilia greca è scandita, nei suoi momenti chiave, dalla persistente presenza dell’immagine del Dinomenide Gelone. Questo lavoro analizza le valenze paradigmatiche assunte dalla sua figura nella memoria civica siracusana e nella produzione storiografica; inoltre ricostruisce le dinamiche politiche che hanno spinto i principali tiranni siracusani (da Dionisio I a Ierone II) a stabilire un confronto con Gelone. Il suo exemplum è utilizzato per legittimare azioni politiche e impegno antipunico; particolare attenzione è posta alla Biblioteca storica di Diodoro Siculo e al ruolo che in essa assume la figura del Dinomenide; in relazione a questi aspetti l’opera dell’Agirinense sem…
Problems and Adaptive Functioning Reported by Adults in 17 Societies
2016
This study tested for similarities and differences across societies in self-ratings ofproblems, personal strengths, and aspects of adaptive functioning on the Adult Self-Report (ASR) for nonclinical samples of adults ages 18 to 59 in 17 societies (N 10,197). Results indicated considerable consistency across societies regarding meanratings on the ASR problem items. Most effect sizes (ESs) for societal differences inproblem scales were small (2?5%). Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysesindicated that culture clusters and society accounted for small percentages of variancein Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scores, with most of the variationaccounted for by individual dif…
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and personal well-being in European youth soccer players: Invariance of physical activity, global self-esteem …
2013
In this study, findings concerned with the association of self-reported global self-esteem, vitality and athletes' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in young soccer players and the generalisability of these associations across different European populations are presented. After listwise exclusion of missing cases and the elimination of cases reporting less than a week of intensive physical activity, the sample of this analysis included 6796 athletes from France (N = 974), Greece (N = 1416), Norway (N = 1051), Spain (N = 2175) and England (N = 1180). Results from multi-sample structural equation modelling analyses provided evidence of invariance across countries for factor loadin…
Intentions to drop-out of youth soccer: A test of the basic needs theory among European youth from five countries
2013
Research arising from self-determination theory (SDT; Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268) indicates that the quality of the social interactions between athletes and coaches, and athletes' ensuing psychological responses, are critical determinants of intentions to drop out of youth sport. Little is known regarding whether these processes hold across countries. Grounded in SDT, this study tested the invariance of a model predicting youth sport dropout across five European countries. Seven thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine grassroots players (6641 males, 1020 fem…
A positive role model may stimulate career oriented behavior.
2007
This study examined the effects of social comparison among students in their final year of study. Participants were presented with a fictitious interview with a new graduate who was either successful or unsuccessful in the job market. Exposure to the successful target led to a higher degree of inspiration, identification, and proactive career behavior than did exposure to the unsuccessful target. The higher participants were in social comparison orientation (dispositional tendency to compare oneself with others), the more they identified with the targets and the more proactive career behavior they showed. This suggests that, overall, comparing oneself with others may inspire individuals to …
Multiple testing in candidate gene situations: a comparison of classical, discrete, and resampling-based procedures.
2011
In candidate gene association studies, usually several elementary hypotheses are tested simultaneously using one particular set of data. The data normally consist of partly correlated SNP information. Every SNP can be tested for association with the disease, e.g., using the Cochran-Armitage test for trend. To account for the multiplicity of the test situation, different types of multiple testing procedures have been proposed. The question arises whether procedures taking into account the discreteness of the situation show a benefit especially in case of correlated data. We empirically evaluate several different multiple testing procedures via simulation studies using simulated correlated SN…
Opportunities and challenges of combined effect measures based on prioritized outcomes
2013
Many authors have proposed different approaches to combine multiple endpoints in a univariate outcome measure in the literature. In case of binary or time-to-event variables, composite endpoints, which combine several event types within a single event or time-to-first-event analysis are often used to assess the overall treatment effect. A main drawback of this approach is that the interpretation of the composite effect can be difficult as a negative effect in one component can be masked by a positive effect in another. Recently, some authors proposed more general approaches based on a priority ranking of outcomes, which moreover allow to combine outcome variables of different scale levels. …