Search results for "Complement"

Regulation of Investments in Infrastructure: The Interplay between Strategic Behaviors and Initial Endowments

2012

This paper explores the dynamic properties of price-based policies in a model of competition between two jurisdictions. Jurisdictions invest over time in infrastructure to increase the quality of the environment, a global public good. They are identical in all respects but one: initial stocks of infrastructure. This is a dynamic type of heterogeneity that disappears in the long run. Therefore, at the steady state, usual intuitions from static settings apply: identical jurisdictions inefficiently underinvest, calling for public subsidies. In the short run, however, counterintuitive properties are established: (i) the evolution of capital stocks can be nonmonotonic and (ii) one jurisdiction c…

Technological and organizational capital : Where complementarities exist

2018

This study analyzes the complementarities between technological and organizational capital within enterprises. Different components of technological and organizational capital exert distinct—and often opposed—forces on each other. Our empirical results show that greater employee voice promotes firm productivity when combined with information technology, but harms firm productivity when combined with communication technology. On the other hand, flexible work design is positively associated with communication technology and negatively associated with information technology. peerReviewed

Innovation Complementarity and Scale of Production

2006

We present an econometrically feasible model that uses the information contained in the innovation profile of each firm to test for the existence of complementarity among production and innovation strategies. Our approach is able to distinguish between complementarity and correlation induced by unobserved heterogeneity. We apply the model to analyze the Spanish ceramic tile industry where the adoption of the single firing furnace in the 1980's facilitated the introduction of new product designs as well as opening new ways of organizing production. Our econometric results show that there is significant complementarity between product and process innovation. Small firms tend to be more innova…

Medicinal Plants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases

2012

Marine Biotechnology

2011

The modulation of immune complex aggregation by classical pathway-mediated reactions.

1985

Abstract Classical pathway (CP)-triggered reactions of complement-modulated immune complex(IC) aggregation (tetanus toxoid/human anti-tetanus toxoid-IgG; ICs of equivalence) were investigated turbidimetrically during the early stages of reaction. Monospecific Fab'- or Fab-fragments (rabbit) directed against certain complement components were used to block the complement function in normal human serum (NHS). Additionally, parts of the reactions were studied using purified complement components. C1q in serum generated by the addition of EDTA as well as purified C1q were found to increase the IC aggregation. In contrast to C1q, macromolecular C1 is able to inhibit IC aggregation, whereas addit…

Immunpathogenese der Atherosklerose

2002

Atherosclerosis is widely regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease that develops as a consequence of entrapment of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial intima. Native LDL lacks inflammatory properties, so the lipoprotein must undergo biochemical alterations in order to become atherogenic. Modification is commonly regarded as being dangerous because it bestows inflammatory properties onto the lipoprotein. Most current models regard oxidation to be the decisive modifying event. However, we have obtained experimental evidence in support of a different concept. We propose that modification of tissue-entrapped LDL is required because it enables the lipoprotein to signal to the immune …

ESR Spectra o f Normal Human Serum after Treatment with Complement Activating Agents*

1980

Abstract We describe the appearance of a free-radical signal in the ESR spectrum of normal human serum incubated with several complement activating agents. The intensity of this signal is dependent of dose of activating agents, time and temperature. Signals elicited by different complement activators differ in morphology and kinetics. Inhibition by treatment with EDTA and the presence of the signal in activated C 6-deficient rabbit serum suggest that the con-vertase forming steps of complement activation (C2 to 5) could be the source of free-radical containing molecules.

Choix du système électoral et Convention européenne des droits de l'homme : quelques observations à la lumière d'une affaire concernant une loi élect…

2013

Within the space of less than two years the European Court of Human Rights and the Italian Constitutional Court have returned almost opposing judgments on the question of the observance of political rights by Italy’s 2005 electoral law. The ECHR found the applications made to it by groups of electors inadmissible given the manifestly ill-founded character of the grievances they were based on. The Constitutional Court, on the contrary, concluded that the law was unconstitutional. At first sight, the differing approaches by the two courts and the differing conclusions they reached may be viewed as an expression of the complementary nature of the European system of protection of human rights w…

Genetic basis of human complement C4A deficiency. Detection of a point mutation leading to nonexpression.

1993

Abstract The fourth component of the human complement system (C4) is coded for by two genes, C4A and C4B, located within the MHC. Null alleles of C4 (C4Q0) are defined by the absence of C4 protein in plasma. These null alleles are due either to large gene deletions or to nonexpression of the respective genes. In a previous study, evidence was obtained for nonexpressed defective genes at the C4A locus, and for gene conversion at the C4B locus. To further characterize the molecular basis of these non-expressed C4A genes, we selected nine pairs of PCR primers from flanking genomic intron sequences to amplify all 41 exons from individuals with a defective C4A gene. The amplified products were s…