Search results for "Concentration."
showing 10 items of 1849 documents
The effect of different technologies in Pomegranate jam preparation on the phenolic compounds, vitamin C and antioxidant activity
2023
The effect of different gelling agents and processing for jam production from pomegranate juice was evaluated. In the last years, different gelling agents were tested for improving jam quality in terms of color and bioactive compounds. The unsonicated and sonicated pomegranate juices were processed for jam production by micro waves, under vacuum and cryoconcentration concentration methods using low and high methoxy pectins, and carob seed flour as gelling agents. The polyphenols content of sonicated jam was significantly lower than unsonicated samples and cryoconcentrated jams showed the significantly highest value among other methods. The results showed the highest anthocyanin content in t…
Analytical techniques for the determination of bismuth in solid environmental samples
2006
Abstract Bismuth is a trace element of the Earth’s crust, which is becoming environmentally significant. Although bismuth has relatively low toxicity, it can form characteristic intracytoplasmatic inclusions. This article illustrates the increasing need for fast pre-treatment techniques and highly sensitive detection methods for accurate measurements of bismuth at extremely low concentrations in solid environmental matrices.
Modelling biological and chemically induced precipitation of calcium phosphate in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems
2011
The biologically induced precipitation processes can be important in wastewater treatment, in particular treating raw wastewater with high calcium concentration combined with Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal. Currently, there is little information and experience in modelling jointly biological and chemical processes. This paper presents a calcium phosphate precipitation model and its inclusion in the Activated Sludge Model No 2d (ASM2d). The proposed precipitation model considers that aqueous phase reactions quickly achieve the chemical equilibrium and that aqueous-solid change is kinetically governed. The model was calibrated using data from four experiments in a Sequencing Batch Rea…
CFD prediction of concentration polarization phenomena in spacer-filled channels for Reverse Electrodialysis
2014
Abstract Salinity Gradient Power generation through Reverse Electrodialysis (SGP-RE) is a promising technology to convert the chemical potential difference of a salinity gradient into electric energy. In SGP-RE systems, as in most membrane processes, concentration polarization phenomena may affect the theoretical driving force and thus the performance of the process. Operating conditions, including the feed solution flow rate and concentration and the channels׳ geometrical configuration, may greatly influence both the polarization effect and the pumping energy consumption. The present work uses CFD to investigate the dependence of concentration polarization and pressure drop on flow rate, f…
In vitro models for the prediction of in vivo performance of oral dosage forms: Recent progress from partnership through the IMI OrBiTo collaboration
2019
The availability of in vitro tools that are constructed on the basis of a detailed knowledge of key aspects of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology and their impact on formulation performance and subsequent drug release behaviour is fundamental to the success and efficiency of oral drug product development. Over the last six years, the development and optimization of improved, biorelevant in vitro tools has been a cornerstone of the IMI OrBiTo (Oral Biopharmaceutics Tools) project. By bringing together key industry and academic partners, and by linking tool development and optimization to human studies to understand behaviour at the formulation/GI tract interface, the collaboration has enabled …
Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by Fumaria officinalis extracts in leukemia and multiple myeloma cell lines
2021
Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Fumaria officinalis (Fumariaceae) is recorded in the Kurdish ethnobotany for various health problems. Aim of the study: In this study, the cytotoxic activity of F. officinalis extracts on two leukemia and nine multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines was investigated. Materials and methods: The cytotoxic and ferroptotic activity were examined by resazurin reduction assay. Flow cytometry, immunoblotting assay and fluorescence microscopy were used to measure cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and autophagy. LC-ESI/MS was used to identify chemical constituents p…
Short-term exposure to cadmium affects the expression of stress response and apoptosis-related genes in immortalized epithelial cells from the human …
2009
Abstract It is known that cadmium (Cd) evokes cell responses that not only involve protective reactions against toxicity but also induces cell death. Increasing interest has been recently focused on the elucidation of the cellular and molecular aspects of Cd-dependent regulation of gene expression in different model systems. Here, we examined the effects of short-term (24 h) exposure of immortalized non-tumoral HB2 cells from human breast epithelium to CdCl2 at 50 μM concentration, corresponding to the IC50 for this time of incubation. The possible occurrence of apoptosis-related events was evaluated via analysis of the physical state of the DNA and of the membrane localization of phosphaty…
Swelling and death of neuronal cells by lactic acid.
1993
Lactacidosis occurring in cerebral ischemia or trauma is a major mechanism of cytotoxic brain edema and brain damage. Respective effects of lactacidosis were currently analyzed in vitro by employment of the murine neuronal cell line, Neuro-2A, in order to obtain a better understanding of specific mechanisms underlying cell swelling and cell death in comparison with glial cells. The cells were suspended in a physiological medium in the presence of lactic acid at increasing concentrations. Levels of acidosis reaching from pH 6.8-5.6 were obtained while other parameters, such as osmolarity and electrolyte concentrations, were maintained in the physiological range. Assessment of cell swelling a…
Bax inhibitor-1 is likely a pH-sensitive calcium leak channel, not a H+/Ca2+ exchanger.
2014
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a key role in the synthesis, folding, and sorting of proteins, and disturbances of this delicate system can cause cell death. The ER also serves as the major intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) store, and release of Ca(2+) from this store controls diverse cellular functions. At the interface of both these functions of the ER is Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1), an evolutionarily conserved multifunctional protein that mediates Ca(2+) efflux from the ER and protects against ER stress. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how BI-1 might mediate Ca(2+) efflux from the ER. Chang et al. present structural evidence that a bacterial homolog of BI-1, BsYetJ, is a pH…
Coffee Silverskin and Spent Coffee Suitable as Neuroprotectors against Cell Death by Beauvericin and α-Zearalenol: Evaluating Strategies of Treatment
2021
Coffee silverskin and spent coffee have been evaluated in a neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y cells) against beauvericin (BEA) and α-zearalenol (α-ZEL)-induced cytotoxicity with different strategies of treatment. First, the direct treatment of mycotoxins and coffee by-products extracts in SH-SY5Y cells was assayed. IC50 values for α-ZEL were 20.8 and 14.0 µM for 48 h and 72 h, respectively and, for BEA only at 72 h, it was 2.5 µM. Afterwards, the pre-treatment with spent coffee obtained by boiling water increased cell viability for α-ZEL at 24 h and 48 h from 10% to 16% and from 25% to 30%, respectively