Search results for "Context"
showing 10 items of 6304 documents
Stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion in intractable cluster headache: expert consensus on patient selection and standards of care.
2014
Context and overview Chronic cluster headache (CCH) is a debilitating headache disorder with a significant impairment of the patients' lives. Within the past decade, various invasive neuromodulatory approaches have been proposed for the treatment of CCH refractory to standard preventive drug, but only very few randomized controlled studies exist in the field of neuromodulation for the treatment of drug-refractory headaches. Based on the prominent role of the cranial parasympathetic system in acute cluster headache attacks, high-frequency sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) stimulation has been shown to abort ongoing attacks in some patients in a first small study. As preventive effects of SPG-sti…
High Order Extrapolation Techniques for WENO Finite-Difference Schemes Applied to NACA Airfoil Profiles
2017
Finite-difference WENO schemes are capable of approximating accurately and efficiently weak solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws. In this context high order numerical boundary conditions have been proven to increase significantly the resolution of the numerical solutions. In this paper a finite-difference WENO scheme is combined with a high order boundary extrapolation technique at ghost cells to solve problems involving NACA airfoil profiles. The results obtained are comparable with those obtained through other techniques involving unstructured meshes.
Quotas regulation is necessary but not sufficient to mitigate the impact of SCUBA diving in a highly visited marine protected area.
2021
Abstract When effectively managed, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) can produce wide ecosystem benefits that can foster, directly and indirectly, local economies. Tourism is one of the sectors mainly benefited by the effect of conservation. SCUBA diving represents an important tourism activity, especially in the context of MPAs, where it is one of the few activities often fostered rather than limited, for its capacity to integrate environmental and socio-economic sustainability. However, SCUBA diving can also produce negative impacts on the environment when tourism frequentation exceeds a sustainable threshold, these potentially generating negative effects on the sector itself. In this study, …
Ecosystem restoration with teeth: what role for predators?
2011
Recent advances highlight the potential for predators to restore ecosystems and confer resilience against globally threatening processes, including climate change and biological invasions. However, releasing the ecological benefits of predators entails significant challenges. Here, we discuss the economic, environmental and social considerations affecting predator-driven ecological restoration programmes, and suggest approaches for reducing the undesirable impacts of predators. Because the roles of predators are context dependent, we argue for increased emphasis on predator functionality in ecosystems and less on the identities and origins of species and genotypes. We emphasise that insuffi…
Learning About Forces Using Multiple Representations
2017
We present two research-based interventions to measure upper secondary student learning of forces using multiple representations (MRs). The first intervention is the Representational Variant of the Force Concept Inventory (R-FCI) – a multiple-choice test for evaluating students’ representational consistency in answering triplets of isomorphic items in the context of forces. The second intervention is an interaction diagram (ID) – a visual representation that helps students to identify forces resulting from interactions between two objects. Students’ representational consistency on the R-FCI pre-test correlated with their normalised learning gain on the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) suggesti…
Action and Deontology
2015
This chapter is concerned with the deontology of actions. According to the presented approach, actions and not propositions are deontologically loaded. Norms direct actions and define the circumstances in which actions are permitted, prohibited, or mandated. Norms are therefore viewed as deontological rules of conduct. The definitions of permission, prohibition, and obligatoriness of an action are formulated in terms of the relation of transition of an action system. A typology of atomic norms is presented. To each atomic norm a proposition is associated and called the normative proposition corresponding to this norm. A logical system, the basic deontic logic, is defined and an adequate sem…
Business Sectors Involved in Social Entrepreneurship
2021
The present chapter offers detailed insights about the characteristics at a microeconomic level of four practical examples of social ventures. After providing a robust theoretical framework about the motivations, challenges and aspirations of social entrepreneurs, it is time to put into practice these conceptions through the lens of real social ventures. The literature encourages the use of case studies to connect the theory groundwork, developed in the academy, to real life. As for this call to study, the present chapter thoroughly covers the ideation and consolidation stages of the selected social ventures, which sheds light for inspiration on a context where social entrepreneurship is in…
Global context effects on musical expectancy.
1997
The effects of global harmonic contexts on expectancy formation were studied in a set of three experiments. Eight-chord sequences were presented to subjects. Expectations for the last chord were varied by manipulating the harmonic context created by the first six: in one context, the last chord was part of an authentic cadence (V–I), whereas in the other, it was a fourth harmonic degree following a full cadence (I–IV). Given this change in harmonic function, the last chord was assumed to be more expected in the former context, all the other local parameters being held constant. The effect of global context on expectancy formation was supported by the fact that subjects reported a lower degr…
Overcoming married women’s incapacity under The Spanish Civil code
2018
La mujer ha sido marginada por el derecho civil español desde la redacción original del Código Civil de 1889, mediante sus diversas disposiciones discriminatorias, sustentadas en la protección de la mujer, equiparada con una persona incapacitada. El Código Civil español experimentó un largo y difícil recorrido, lleno de sucesivas reformas que contribuyeron a un ascenso satisfactorio de la mujer en el derecho civil. El presente artículo se enfoca en cuatro conceptos: la situación jurídica de la mujer en el siglo XIX, la igualdad de la mujer en la II República, el modelo franquista y la llegada de la democracia a España. Conjugados, todos los elementos son una herramienta para conocer en este…
Random Variables Recorded Under Mutually Exclusive Conditions: Contextuality-by-Default
2014
We present general principles underlying analysis of the dependence of random variables (outputs) on deterministic conditions (inputs). Random outputs recorded under mutually exclusive input values are labeled by these values and considered stochastically unrelated, possessing no joint distribution. An input that does not directly influence an output creates a context for the latter. Any constraint imposed on the dependence of random outputs on inputs can be characterized by considering all possible couplings (joint distributions) imposed on stochastically unrelated outputs. The target application of these principles is a quantum mechanical system of entangled particles, with directions of …