Search results for "Crime"
showing 10 items of 420 documents
La responsabilità personale per il coinvolgimento di imprese in crimini internazionali. Il problema cruciale dei c.d. “atti neutrali”
2020
Il contributo considera l’intreccio fra livello individuale e livello collettivo dei crimini internazionali con specifico riferimento alla eventuale corresponsabilità di imprese e dei loro capi rispetto alla commissione di tali crimini da parte dei vertici militari o politici di un gruppo o di uno stato. Alla luce del principio di autoresponsabilità ricavabile dall’art. 25 dello Statuto di Roma, la relativa responsabilità può affermarsi per le attività di impresa direttamente strumentali a fatti violenti. Maggiormente problematica essa risulta invece per le ordinarie attività di impresa, che dunque appaiono neutrali ed estranee rispetto alle altrui condotte illecite. Per queste ultime la di…
Socio-economic inequalities and organized crime: An empirical analysis
2020
In this chapter we contribute to the recent literature (e.g., Istat, 2010, Acciari et al., 2016, Guell et al., 2017) that provides evidence that inequality is high and social mobility is low in the Italian regions and prov-inces where organized crime is widespread such as those of Southern Italy. We complement this line of work in two respects. First, using a novel pan-el dataset at the regional level for the period 1985-2014 we investigate the relationship between inequality and organized crime at the regional level, exploiting both time and cross-sectional variation. Second, we assess the role of social mobility in organized crime. Our main finding is that higher inequality leads to highe…
Criminal DNA databases: the European situation
2001
In the last 5 years, a number of European countries have successfully introduced national databases holding the DNA profiles from suspected and convicted criminal offenders as well as from biological stain materials from unsolved crime cases. At present, DNA databases are fully or partially in operation in the UK, The Netherlands, Austria, Germany, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland and Sweden. Furthermore, in the other European countries, specific legislation will be enacted soon, or the introduction of such databases is being discussed to initiate a legislative process. Numerous differences exist regarding the criteria for a criminal offender to be included in the database, the storage…
A new chemical aid for criminal investigation: dyes and latent prints
2002
Criminalistics is a field in which there are many opportunities for the practical application of chemical reagents and the use of analytical methods that provide answers to enigmas at crime scenes. Common reagents in biochemical and medical test methods can be useful for criminalistics (forensic science). Dyes are one type of reagent that can be used in obtaining crime scene evidence. This work describes a new application of CI Solvent Black 3 dye in the location of latent fingerprints. The results show that CI Solvent Black 3 can be successfully applied in the location and development of recent and non-recent latent fingerprints on porous surfaces.
La giustizia internazionale per gross violations di diritti umani tra esigenze retributive e riconciliative
2009
International Courts and the Crime of Genocide
2013
En este trabajo realizo un análisis jurídico de los elementos constitutivos (tanto subjetivos como objetivos) del crimen de genocidio, tal y como han sido interpretados y aplicados por la jurisprudencia internacional. En concreto, se estudia la jurisprudencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia, del Tribunal Internacional Penal para la antigua Yugoslavia y del Tribunal Internacional Penal para Ruanda sobre el crimen de genocidio.
Are we any good at protecting our societies and economies from the threat of economic crime and misconduct?
2019
PurposeThis paper aims to outline the Italian framework of rules against economic crime and to verify if Italian legislation provides for appropriate and effective measures according to own needs both at a national and European level.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a comparative approach by examining the European and Italian legal systems for finding analogies and differences between them.FindingsThe study has revealed the need of a greater international harmonisation of criminal laws and penalties as well as the transnationality of the economic crime cuts the chance of success of every national strategy, given that transnational criminals are encouraged by the awareness that thei…
Cosa nostra and Camorra: illegal activities and organizational structures
2016
This article intends to develop an introductory reflection concerning the most recent trends of two of the major Italian mafia organisations: the Sicilian Cosa Nostra and the Campanian Camorra. Following a comparative perspective, the analysis will focus the attention on changes that have occurred in recent years both at the level of illegal activities and at the level of organisational structures. After the bombs of the nineties, Cosa Nostra has moved towards a flexible and less centralised organisation, investing dirty money in the legal economic sector, to reduce its exposure to law enforcement investigations. At the same time, the Camorra clans have considerably widened their range of a…
Pornografía infantil: cambios en las formas de obtención y distribución
2017
RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio es sintetizar el conocimiento científico sobre los principales mecanismos empleados para la obtención y distribución de pornografía infantil a lo largo de la historia. Para ello, se ha realizado una búsqueda exhaustiva de los trabajos publicados hasta 2016, siendo seleccionados un total de 37. Los resultados obtenidos permiten diferenciar cuatro grandes etapas del tráfico de pornografía infantil (comercial, informatizada, Internet, oculta), en las que los consumidores han migrado hacia tecnologías que les resultan más atractivas y adecuadas para sus fines (Deep Web y redes p2p sin filtro). Sin embargo, un sistema descentralizado como Internet impide la a…
DarkNet, czyli po ciemnej stronie Internetu
2018
Darknet jest małą częścią Internetu, w której można zetknąć się z zaawansowaną przestępczością, którą trudno zlokalizować i odpowiednio się przed nią ochronić. Dostęp do DarkNetu może mieć każdy, kto się o to postara, a korzystanie ze stron Ciemnej Sieci jest w zupełności legalne, co może okazać się paradoksem, ponieważ DarkNet zawiera także nielegalne treści dotyczące, m.in pornografii dziecięcej, pirackich kopii filmów i seriali, skradzionych kart kredytowych, informacji na temat broni czy narkotyków. Czy warto jest więc kierować się na strony, fora itp. pod patronatem Ciemnej Sieci? Owszem, ale tylko wtedy jeśli zabieg ten ma zaspokoić ciekawość. Jeśli jednak za pomocą tych stron podejmi…