Search results for "Crime"
showing 10 items of 420 documents
The Prosecution of International Crimes in Argentina
2010
AbstractIn recent years, the Argentine courts have developed a rich case law surrounding the prosecution of international crimes. In particular, the courts have handed down judgments regarding the limits to amnesties and pardons, and the inapplicability of statutory limitations for crimes against humanity, invoking several sources of international law in the process. However, applying these international norms has caused debate about constitutional matters such as the reach of the principle of legality, the use of customary law, and whether domestic criminal norms are compatible—or could even be combined—with international criminal norms.
The cost of protection racket in Sicily
2008
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the current cost of protection rackets in Sicily. By means of a database constructed on judicial evidence, it has been possible to come up with an estimate of the average and total costs of the protection-money system, as well as finding out in which sectors of economic activity and in which provinces is most pervasive. The average monthly payment is approximately 600 euros per business, with stronger effects in those areas with a relatively more traditional economic structure. As a whole, in monetary terms, the protection racket in Sicily accounts for over 1.4% of gross regional product. Finally, the paper supports the hypothesis that in most cases,…
Taking care of everyone’s business: interpreting Sicilian Mafia embedment through spatial network analysis
2022
Mafia-type organisations often have a strong geographical and cultural entrenchment in the territory they belong. However, their analysis as a spatially networked social structure is still missing. A combined socio-spatial network analysis is presented here, through the demise of a large police operation called Operazione Perseo in 2008. This approach is developed in two ways. At first, a visual representation of the social network of this large group of mafiosi embedded in a geographical space is presented. Three main salient territorial features of the network are thus highlighted. A high density of links in some neighbourhoods, as well as connections across different Mandamenti, the terr…
Hawkes processes on networks for crime data
2022
Motivated by the analysis of crime data in Bucaramanga (Colombia), we propose a spatio-temporal Hawkes point process model adapted to events living on linear networks. We first consider a non-parametric modelling strategy, for both the background and the triggering components, and then we include a parametric estimation of the background based on covariates, and a non-parametric one of the triggering effects. Our network model outperforms a planar version, improving the fitting of the self-exciting point process model.
Starptautisko tiesību pārkāpumi PSRS-Latvijas attiecībās
2013
Promocijas darba mērķis ir starptautisko un nacionālo tiesību pārkāpumu un starptautisko noziegumu konstatēšana un analīze Padomju Sociālistisko Republiku Savienības (PSRS, Padomju Savienība) un Latvijas savstarpējās attiecībās. Promocijas darbs iedalīts piecās nodaļās. Pirmajā nodaļā sniegts ieskats starptautiskajās tiesībās, akcentējot tos starptautisko tiesību pamatus, bez kuru izpratnes nav iespējams analizēt starptautiskās tiesiskās attiecības PSRS un Latvijas starpā. Otrajā nodaļā apkopoti un analizēti PSRS veiktie starptautisko tiesību pārkāpumi, kas saistīti ar Latvijas okupāciju un aneksiju, kā arī sniegta šo pārkāpumu kvalifikācija. Papildus ir pētīti Latvijas Republikas pēc PSRS …
Note brevi a margine della proposta di riforma dei reati ambientali del gruppo di studio dell'associazione dei professori di diritto penale
2022
A partire dall’analisi della proposta di riforma dei reati contro l’ambiente elaborata dal Gruppo di studio dell’Associazione italiana dei Professori di Diritto Penale, il contributo riflette sui principali problemi teorici del diritto penale ambientale (tipizzazione dell’evento lesivo nelle fattispecie di inquinamento e di disastro ambientale, imputazione soggettiva dei delitti aggravati dall’evento, contrasto penale alle c.d. “ecomafie” nel settore dei rifiuti ecc.), mettendo a confronto le soluzioni suggerite nel testo con le prospettive di riforma contenute nella recente Proposta di Direttiva del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio sulla Protezione dell’ambiente at- traverso il diritto p…
Self-exciting point process modelling of crimes on linear networks
2022
Although there are recent developments for the analysis of first and second-order characteristics of point processes on networks, there are very few attempts in introducing models for network data. Motivated by the analysis of crime data in Bucaramanga (Colombia), we propose a spatiotemporal Hawkes point process model adapted to events living on linear networks. We first consider a non-parametric modelling strategy, for which we follow a non-parametric estimation of both the background and the triggering components. Then we consider a semi-parametric version, including a parametric estimation of the background based on covariates, and a non-parametric one of the triggering effects. Our mode…
Identifying crime generators and spatially overlapping high-risk areas through a nonlinear model: A comparison between three cities of the Valencian …
2021
The behavior and spatial distribution of crime events can be explained through the characterization of an area in terms of its demography, socioeconomy, and built environment. In particular, recent studies on the incidence of crime in a city have focused on the identification of features of the built environment (specific places or facilities) that may increase crime risk within a certain radius. However, it is hard to identify environmental characteristics that consistently explain crime occurrence across cities and crime types. This article focuses on the assessment of the effect that certain types of places have on the incidence of property crime, robbery, and vandalism in three cities o…
Understanding University Library Users' Mistreatment of Books
2009
This paper analyses university library users' attitudes towards book vandalism in order to develop a basis for intervention. Using a customer oriented approach data was collected from users who attended an academic library exhibition on vandalized books at a University campus. Respondants were asked both for their reactions to the vandalism as well as to suggest measures to solve this problem. Punishment and surveillance were most frequently mentioned as preventative measures although users also recognized the utility of the exhibition in increasing awareness of book mutilation. Further implications of social marketing for libraries are also discussed.
Il crimine come azione strutturata
2021
James W. Messerschmidt è tra i primi studiosi, all’interno di una cornice teorica che predilige una prospettiva dell’azione strutturata, a mostrare che fare il crimine significa anche fare maschilità, insieme ad altre differenze che hanno effetti strutturanti e che implicano dotazioni diseguali di potere come la classe sociale, l’appartenenza etno-razziale, l’età, la sessualità e le diverse forme di incorporamento che producono «corpi» diversi (Messerschmidt 1997). James W. Messerschmidt is among the first scholars, within a theoretical framework that favors a structured action perspective, to show that doing crime also means doing masculinity, along with other differences that have structu…