Search results for "Cutaneous"
showing 10 items of 1022 documents
Decreased presence of Langerhans cells is a critical determinant for Indian Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
2015
Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is the dermal sequel of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and occurs after apparent cure or alongside with VL. It is confined to South Asia (India, Nepal and Bangladesh) and East Africa (mainly Sudan), the incidence being 5-10% and 50-60% respectively. In South Asia, as the transmission of VL is anthroponotic, PKDL patients are the proposed disease reservoir, thus assuming epidemiological significance, its eradication being linked to the control of leishmaniasis. In the absence of an animal model and its low incidence, factors contributing towards the immunopathogenesis of PKDL remain an open-ended, yet pertinent question. This study delineated the lesio…
Dietary methods and biomarkers of omega 3 fatty acids: a systematic review
2012
The aims of the present study were to review the validity of dietary methods used to measure the usual long chain (LC) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake of a population and to assess the usefulness of different biomarkers ofn-3 PUFA in healthy humans. Two systematic literature searches were conducted until May 2011 to update previous systematic reviews. The first literature search aimed to find studies validating the methodology used for measuring the dietary intake ofn-3 PUFA. The second search aimed to find human intervention studies in whichn-3 PUFA status changed after 2 weeks ofn-3 PUFA supplementation. Sixteen studies were identified for inclusion in the first revie…
Epidemiology, monitoring, and treatment strategy in cardiogenic shock. A multinational cross-sectional survey of ESC-acute cardiovascular care associ…
2022
Abstract Aims Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition burdened by mortality in up to 50% of cases. Few recommendations exist with intermediate–low level of evidence on CS management and no data on adherence across centres exist. We performed a survey to frame CS management at multinational level. Methods and results An international cross-sectional survey was created and approved by European Society of Cardiology-Acute Cardiovascular Care Association board. A total of 337 responses from 60 countries were obtained. Data were assessed by the hospital level of care of the participants. The most common cause of CS was AMI (AMI-CS—79.9%) with significant difference according to ho…
Acute renal failure and liver dysfunction after subcutaneous injection of 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine (Lipostabil®)-case report.
2011
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis are common, and are often caused by drugs especially antibiotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug-induced liver dysfunction and renal failure after subcutaneous injection of phosphatidylcholine was not reported so far. 3-sn-Phosphatidylcholine has been described as a cell lysis reaction-inducing drug. Its in vitro data indicated a relevant toxicity potential. In particular human cell types such as fibroblast-like preadipocytes, vascular and skeletal muscle cells, or renal epithelial cells react more sensitive than other human cell types. CASE REPORT We present a 28-year-old woman who received 3.5…
Controlled transdermal iontophoresis by ion-exchange fiber
2000
The objective of this study was to assess the transdermal delivery of drugs using iontophoresis with cation- and anion-exchange fibers as controlled drug delivery vehicles. Complexation of charged model drugs with the ion-exchange fibers was studied as a method to achieve controlled transdermal drug delivery. Drug release from the cation-exchange fiber into a physiological saline was dependent on the lipophilicity of the drug. The release rates of lipophilic tacrine and propranolol were significantly slower than that of hydrophilic nadolol. Permeation of tacrine across the skin was directly related to the iontophoretic current density and drug concentration used. Anion-exchange fiber was te…
In situ delivery of corticosteroids for treatment of oral diseases.
2017
In many mucocutaneous disorders, corticosteroids therapy is currently central. Systemic therapy is restricted to severe disorders whereas topical applications are considered as the first-line treatment. The oral cavity environment, the medication form and other factors related to the delivery method are key factors for the therapy efficiency and effectiveness. Current marketed medications are not able to avoid wrong drug exposure and scarce patients’ compliance. Innovative in situ delivery systems are able to prolong the drug retention time on the mucosa and to avoid the drawbacks of conventional formulations. This review is intended to give a general overview of oral mucocutaneous patholo…
Transdermal therapy and diagnosis by iontophoresis
1997
Iontophoresis, the use of an electric current to drive charged molecules across the skin, has the potential to expand the feasible range of drugs for transdermal administration significantly. This method of delivery is being examined carefully with respect to higher-molecular-weight therapeutics (in particular, peptides and small proteins), which cannot be absorbed following oral administration and for which, at this time, an invasive injection remains the only option. In addition, the procedure of so-called 'reverse' iontophoresis would appear to represent a truly noninvasive approach for diagnostic monitoring of blood chemistry.
Subcutaneous Injection of Drugs: Literature Review of Factors Influencing Pain Sensation at the Injection Site.
2019
The subcutaneous administration route is widely used to administer different types of drugs given its high bioavailability and rapid onset of action. However, the sensation of pain at the injection site might reduce patient adherence. Apart from a direct effect of the drug itself, several factors can influence the sensation of pain: needle features, injection site, volume injected, injection speed, osmolality, viscosity and pH of formulation, as well as the kind of excipients employed, including buffers and preservatives. Short and thin needles, conveniently lubricated and with sharp tips, are generally used to minimize pain, although the anatomic injection site (abdomen versus thigh) also …
Safety of the current drug treatments for vitiligo
2020
Introduction: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder adversely affecting the patient's quality of life. Despite the presence of several treatment modalities, ranging from medical to physical to surgical options, none is curative. Each modality has its own drawbacks and side effects. Thus, the treatment modality needs to be tailored for each individual patient taking into consideration the disease characteristics and also its efficacy and safety to obtain a favorable risk-benefit ratio.Areas covered: This review highlights the different treatment modalities utilized in vitiligo up until 4 November 2019 along with their adverse effects and contraindications, if any.Expert opinion:…
Uncommon localizations of hydatid cyst. Review of the literature
2016
Introduction Hydatid disease is an endemic anthropozoonosis with usual localization in liver and lungs. Rarely it localizes in uncommon sites as spleen, skeleton, kidney, brain, cardiac muscle, peritoneum, sub cutis. Complications of uncommon localizations are the same that for usual ones. Material and methods Review of the literature on rare and atypical localization of hydatid cysts in soft tissues. Key-words used on Pub-Med [(echinococ OR hydatid) AND (soft tissue OR subcutaneous OR cutaneous)] without time limit. There were found 282 articles; 242 were excluded because of muscular or bone localizations. 40 were coherent. Results Different variables are taken into account: age, sex, geog…