Search results for "Cytokines"
showing 10 items of 845 documents
Development of spontaneous airway changes consistent with human asthma in mice lacking T-bet.
2002
Human asthma is associated with airway infiltration by T helper 2 (TH2) lymphocytes. We observed reduced expression of the TH1 transcription factor, T-bet, in T cells from airways of patients with asthma compared with that in T cells from airways of nonasthmatic patients, suggesting that loss of T-bet might be associated with asthma. Mice with a targeted deletion of the T-bet gene and severe combined immunodeficient mice receiving CD4+cells from T-bet knockout mice spontaneously demonstrated multiple physiological and inflammatory features characteristic of asthma. Thus, T-bet deficiency, in the absence of allergen exposure, induces a murine phenotype reminiscent of both acute and chronic h…
Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
2011
Determining the cause of stroke does influence choices for management. categorization of subtypes of ischemic stroke has had considerable study, but definitions are hard to formulate and their application for diagnosis in an individual patient is often problematic. Cerebral ischemia initiates a complex cascade of events at genomic, molecular, and cellular levels, and inflammation is important in this cascade. In 1993 for For the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST), Adams et al] conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded study of the low-molecular-weight heparinoid given to patients within 24 hours after stroke and developed a system for diagnosis of subtype of isch…
Talin1 sets the stage for dendritic cell activation
2020
In dendritic cells, talin1 links integrin binding to efficient TLR downstream signaling through interaction with MyD88 and PIP5K.
Erythropoietin mediates tissue protection through an erythropoietin and common beta-subunit heteroreceptor
2004
The cytokine erythropoietin (Epo) is tissue-protective in preclinical models of ischemic, traumatic, toxic, and inflammatory injuries. We have recently characterized Epo derivatives that do not bind to the Epo receptor (EpoR) yet are tissue-protective. For example, carbamylated Epo (CEpo) does not stimulate erythropoiesis, yet it prevents tissue injury in a wide variety ofin vivoandin vitromodels. These observations suggest that another receptor is responsible for the tissue-protective actions of Epo. Notably, prior investigation suggests that EpoR physically interacts with the common β receptor (βcR), the signal-transducing subunit shared by the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating fa…
Side-specific effects by cadmium exposure: Apical and basolateral treatment in a coculture model of the blood–air barrier
2010
Cadmium (Cd{sup 2+}) is a widespread environmental pollutant, which is associated with a wide variety of cytotoxic and metabolic effects. Recent studies showed that intoxication with the heavy metal most importantly targets the integrity of the epithelial barrier. In our study, the lung epithelial cell line, NCI H441, was cultured with the endothelial cell line, ISO-HAS-1, as a bilayer on a 24-well HTS-Transwell (registered) filter plate. This coculture model was exposed to various concentrations of CdCl{sub 2}. The transepithelial electrical resistance decreased on the apical side only after treatment with high Cd{sup 2+} concentrations after 48 h. By contrast, a breakdown of TER to less t…
Cytokine- and Interferon-Modulating Properties of Echinacea spp. Root Tinctures Stored at −20°C for 2 Years
2007
Echinacea spp. phytomedicines are popular for treating upper respiratory infections. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the immunomodulatory properties of Echinacea tinctures from seven species after being stored at -20 degrees C for 2 years. Two experimental techniques were employed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In the first set of experiments, PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with tinctures alone and assayed for proliferation and production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). In the second set of experiments, subjects were immunized with influenza vaccine. PBMCs from vaccinated individuals were stimulated in v…
De novo formation of cytokeratin filament networks originates from the cell cortex in A-431 cells
2001
Of the three major cytoskeletal filament systems, the intermediate filaments are the least understood. Since they differ fundamentally from the actin- and microtubulebased networks by their lack of polarity, it has remained a mystery how and where these principally endless filaments are formed. Using a recently established epithelial cell system in which fluorescently labeled intermediate filaments of the cytokeratin type can be monitored in living cells, we address these issues. By multidimensional time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, we examine de novo intermediate filament network formation from non-filamentous material at the end of mitosis and show that it mirrors disassembly. It is dem…
The Effect of Long-Term Storage on the Biological and Histological Properties of Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane
2011
Cryopreserved amniotic membrane (AM) is widely used in ophthalmology because of its anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing promoting capabilities. A common method to conserve the tissue is the storage in cryo-medium containing 50% glycerol at -80°C. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of storage time on the sterility as well as the histological and biological properties of cryopreserved AM.Amniotic membrane from different donors was stored in cell culture media containing 50% glycerol for different time periods, on average 4 months (group 1), 15 months (group 2), and 24 months (group 3), at -80°C. Samples of the tissue and cryo-medium were examined for bacteria…
T-bet and mucosal Th1 responses in the gastrointestinal tract
2002
T cells play an essential role in regulating mucosal immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent observations on T helper cell differentiation and activation by regulatory transcription factors-especially T-bet-in chronic inflammatory diseases have provided new perspectives for understanding mucosal immunity. Here we summarise recent advances in the field of transcription factors and discuss the implications of these findings for future therapeutic approaches in inflammatory bowel diseases. In particular, we have focused on the role of T-bet in controlling mucosal Th1 responses in the gastrointestinal tract.
Development, Differentiation, and Diversity of Innate Lymphoid Cells
2014
Recent years have witnessed the discovery of an unprecedented complexity in innate lymphocyte lineages, now collectively referred to as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are preferentially located at barrier surfaces and are important for protection against pathogens and for the maintenance of organ homeostasis. Inappropriate activation of ILCs has been linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Recent evidence suggests that ILCs can be grouped into two separate lineages, cytotoxic ILCs represented by conventional natural killer (cNK) cells and cytokine-producing helper-like ILCs (i.e., ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s). We will focus here on current work in humans and mice th…