Search results for "DAMAGE"
showing 10 items of 1289 documents
Recommendations for the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
2005
After SAH, primary and secondary complications are frequent and often require neurosurgical interventions to avoid secondary brain damage. The authors of the present paper have summarized the available data about the treatment modalities often used for patients with SAH. The present recommendations have been developed as a neurosurgical and neuroanestesiological consensus. Evidence from prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled studies support grade A recommendations (standard) for the prophylaxis and treatment of cerebral vasospasm with oral Nimodipine in good grade patients. For intravenous Nimodipine or for oral nimodipine treatment in poor grade patients, available data …
Mouse embryonic stem cells are hypersensitive to apoptosis triggered by the DNA damage O(6)-methylguanine due to high E2F1 regulated mismatch repair.
2007
Exposure of stem cells to genotoxins may lead to embryonic lethality or teratogenic effects. This can be prevented by efficient DNA repair or by eliminating genetically damaged cells. Using undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells as a pluripotent model system, we compared ES cells with differentiated cells, with regard to apoptosis induction by alkylating agents forming the highly mutagenic and killing DNA adduct O(6)-methylguanine. Upon treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), ES cells undergo apoptosis at much higher frequency than differentiated cells, although they express a high level of the repair protein O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Apo…
Danno all'ambiente e tutela della persona
2012
Il libro propone una riflessione sul danno ambientale, inquadrandola nella più ampia prospettiva della tutela della persona, alla quale la figura del danno ambientale sembra potersi ascrivere. Delineata la disciplina in tema di danno all'ambiente, quale emergente dal lungo iter normativo, dottrinale e giurisprudenziale, che ne ha segnato la sua evoluzione, emerge l'idea di un danno ambientale, che potrebbe definirsi esistenziale, in grado di suggerire riflessioni interessanti, tanto in tema di responsabilità ambientale, quanto riguardo all'area del danno alla persona. La parabola del danno ambientale, se continua forse oggi ad evocare pericolosi "mostriciattoli", è figlia della storia di un…
Le cause di giustificazione della responsabilità civile e la nuova legittima difesa
2020
the essay addresses the problem of wrongfulness in torts and analyzes the recent reform of self-defense. In particular, the study highlights the effects on the structure of tort liability of the expansion of the area of necessary and proportional behavior. The essay aims to offer a systematic picture of the justifications in tort liability
Redox regulation of genome stability by effects on gene expression, epigenetic pathways and DNA damage/repair
2015
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (e.g. H2O2, nitric oxide) confer redox regulation of essential cellular signaling pathways such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In addition, classical regulation of gene expression or activity, including gene transcription to RNA followed by translation to the protein level, by transcription factors (e.g. NF-κB, HIF-1α) and mRNA binding proteins (e.g. GAPDH, HuR) is subject to redox regulation. This review will give an update of recent discoveries in this field, and specifically highlight the impact of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on DNA repair systems that contribute to genomic stability. Emphasis will be placed …
Sharing R&D investments in breakthrough technologies to control climate change
2017
This paper examines international cooperation on technological development as an alternative to international cooperation on GHG emission reductions. In order to analyze the scope of cooperation, a three-stage technology agreement formation game is solved. First, countries decide whether or not to sign up to the agreement. Then, in the second stage, the signatories (playing together) and the non-signatories (playing individually) select their investment in R&D. In this stage, it is assumed that the signatories not only coordinate their levels of R&D investment but also pool their R&D efforts to fully internalize the spillovers of their investment in innovation. Finally, in the third stage, …
Cardiovascular risk assessment beyond Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation: A role for organ damage markers
2012
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk assessment in the clinical practice is mostly based on risk charts, such as Framingham risk score and Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE). These enable clinicians to estimate the impact of cardiovascular risk factors and assess individual cardiovascular risk profile. Risk charts, however, do not take into account subclinical organ damage, which exerts independent influence on risk and may amplify the estimated risk profile. Inclusion of organ damage markers in the assessment may thus contribute to improve this process. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the influence of implementation of SCORE charts with widely available indexes of organ damage, with t…
Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and glutathione oxidation in apoptosis: studiesin vivoandin vitro
1999
Free radicals may be involved in apoptosis although this is the subject of some controversy. Furthermore, the source of free radicals in apoptotic cells is not certain. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in the induction of apoptosis in serum-deprived fibroblast cultures and in weaned lactating mammary glands as in vitro and in vivo experimental models, respectively. Oxidative damage to mtDNA is higher in apoptotic cells than in controls. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels in mitochondria from lactating mammary gland are also higher in apoptosis. There is a direct relationship between mtDNA damage and the GSSG/reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio. Furthermore, wh…
Radiation hard monolithic CMOS sensors with small electrodes for High Luminosity LHC
2019
Abstract The upgrade of the tracking detectors for the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC) requires the development of novel radiation hard silicon sensors. The development of Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors targets the replacement of hybrid pixel detectors with radiation hard monolithic CMOS sensors. We designed, manufactured and tested radiation hard monolithic CMOS sensors in the TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS imaging technology with small electrodes pixel designs. These designs can achieve pixel pitches well below current hybrid pixel sensors (typically 50 × 50 μ m ) for improved spatial resolution. Monolithic sensors in our design allow to reduce multiple scattering by thinning to a total si…
Value of Home Blood Pressures as Predictor of Target Organ Damage in Mild Arterial Hypertension
2002
Home blood pressure measurement has gained increasing importance for the management of hypertensive patients. The aim of our study was to compare levels of clinic (CBP), ambulatory (ABP), and home blood pressure (HBP) measurements, and their relationships with various indexes of target organ damage in I-II grade essential hypertension.Thirty-eight essential hypertensives underwent evaluation of clinic, ambulatory and home blood pressures. Each patient recorded HBP for 2 days with a digital BP monitor three times daily, the first time on the same day during which ABP monitoring was simultaneously performed. Moreover, in all subjects electrocardiogram recording, echocardiographic study, micro…