Search results for "DAP"
showing 10 items of 3579 documents
Small Rab GTPases in Intracellular Vesicle Trafficking: The Case of Rab3A/Raphillin-3A Complex in the Kidney
2021
Small Rab GTPases, the largest group of small monomeric GTPases, regulate vesicle trafficking in cells, which are integral to many cellular processes. Their role in neurological diseases, such as cancer and inflammation have been extensively studied, but their implication in kidney disease has not been researched in depth. Rab3a and its effector Rabphillin-3A (Rph3A) expression have been demonstrated to be present in the podocytes of normal kidneys of mice rats and humans, around vesicles contained in the foot processes, and they are overexpressed in diseases with proteinuria. In addition, the Rab3A knockout mice model induced profound cytoskeletal changes in podocytes of high glucose fed a…
Neuroprotective effects of physical activity via the adaptation of astrocytes
2021
The multifold benefits of regular physical exercise have been largely demonstrated in human and animal models. Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of physical activity, both in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system (CNS). Regular exercise improves cognition, brain plasticity, neurogenesis and reduces the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, making timeless the principle of “mens sana in corpore sano” (i.e., a healthy mind in a healthy body). Physical exercise promotes morphological and functional changes in the brain, acting not only in neurons but also in astrocytes, which represent the most numerous glial cells in the brain. The multiple effects of exerc…
The genetic architecture of low-temperature adaptation in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2017
[Background] Low-temperature growth and fermentation of wine yeast can enhance wine aroma and make them highly desirable traits for the industry. Elucidating response to cold in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is, therefore, of paramount importance to select or genetically improve new wine strains. As most enological traits of industrial importance in yeasts, adaptation to low temperature is a polygenic trait regulated by many interacting loci.
Evolution of Hemoglobin Genes in Codfishes Influenced by Ocean Depth
2017
AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of adaptation is one of the main enigmas of evolutionary biology. Among vertebrates, hemoglobin has been well documented as a key trait for adaptation to different environments. Here, we investigate the role of hemoglobins in adaptation to ocean depth in the diverse teleost order Gadiformes, with species distributed at a wide range of depths varying in temperature, hydrostatic pressure and oxygen levels. Using genomic data we characterized the full hemoglobin (Hb) gene repertoire for subset of species within this lineage. We discovered a correlation between expanded numbers of Hb genes and ocean depth, with the highest numbers in species occupying sha…
Active behaviour during early development shapes glucocorticoid reactivity.
2019
AbstractGlucocorticoids are the final effectors of the stress axis, with numerous targets in the central nervous system and the periphery. They are essential for adaptation, yet currently it is unclear how early life events program the glucocorticoid response to stress. Here we provide evidence that involuntary swimming at early developmental stages can reconfigure the cortisol response to homotypic and heterotypic stress in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), also reducing startle reactivity and increasing spontaneous activity as well as energy efficiency during active behaviour. Collectively, these data identify a role of the genetically malleable zebrafish for linking early life stress with …
Generation of an inducible RPE-specific Cre transgenic-mouse line.
2018
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is an epithelial monolayer in the back of the vertebrate eye. RPE dysfunction is associated with retinal degeneration and blindness. In order to fully understand how dysregulation affects visual function, RPE-specific gene knockouts are indispensable. Since the currently available RPE-specific Cre recombinases show lack of specificity or poor recombination, we sought to generate an alternative. We generated a tamoxifen-inducible RPE-specific Cre transgenic mouse line under transcriptional control of an RPE-specific Tyrosinase enhancer. We characterized the Cre-mediated recombinant expression by crossing our RPE-Tyrosinase-CreErT2 mouse line with the tdTo…
Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis Facilitate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Therapeutic Immunomodulatory Effects.
2016
International audience; The efficacy of the anti-cancer immunomodulatory agent cyclophosphamide (CTX) relies on intestinal bacteria. How and which relevant bacterial species are involved in tumor immunosurveillance, and their mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we identified two bacterial species, Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis that are involved during CTX therapy. Whereas E. hirae translocated from the small intestine to secondary lymphoid organs and increased the intratumoral CD8/ Treg ratio, B. intestinihominis accumulated in the colon and promoted the infiltration of IFN-gamma-producing gamma delta Tau cells in cancer lesions. The immune sensor, NOD2, limited CTX…
Inappropriate translation inhibition and P-body formation cause cold-sensitivity in tryptophan-auxotroph yeast mutants
2017
In response to different adverse conditions, most eukaryotic organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, downregulate protein synthesis through the phosphorylation of eIF2α (eukaryotic initiation factor 2α) by Gcn2, a highly conserved protein kinase. Gcn2 also controls the translation of Gcn4, a transcription factor involved in the induction of amino acid biosynthesis enzymes. Here, we have studied the functional role of Gcn2 and Gcn2-regulating proteins, in controlling translation during temperature downshifts of TRP1 and trp1 yeast cells. Our results suggest that neither cold-instigated amino acid limitation nor Gcn2 are involved in the translation suppression at low temperature. Howev…
Increased RNA virus population diversity improves adaptability
2021
The replication machinery of most RNA viruses lacks proofreading mechanisms. As a result, RNA virus populations harbor a large amount of genetic diversity that confers them the ability to rapidly adapt to changes in their environment. In this work, we investigate whether further increasing the initial population diversity of a model RNA virus can improve adaptation to a single selection pressure, thermal inactivation. For this, we experimentally increased the diversity of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) populations across the capsid region. We then compared the ability of these high diversity CVB3 populations to achieve resistance to thermal inactivation relative to standard CVB3 populations in an…
On the origin of BAG(3) and its consequences for an expansion of BAG3's role in protein homeostasis
2021
The B-cell CLL 2-associated athanogene (BAG) protein family in general and BAG3, in particular, are pivotal elements of cellular protein homeostasis, with BAG3 playing a major role in macroautophagy. In particular, in the contexts of senescence and degeneration, BAG3 has exhibited an essential role often related to its capabilities to organize and remove aggregated proteins. Exciting studies in different species ranging from human, murine, zebrafish, and plant samples have delivered vital insights into BAG3s' (and other BAG proteins') functions and their regulations. However, so far no studies have addressed neither BAG3's evolution nor its phylogenetic position in the BAG family.