Search results for "DEET"

Two New Alternatives to the Conventional Arm-in-Cage Test for Assessing Topical Repellents

2021

Abstract European guidelines for testing attractant and repellent efficacy (i.e., Product type 19 [PT19]) have been in revision since 2017. A key topic of discussion is the current approach to evaluating topical repellents. The European Chemical Agency has stated field testing should be avoided because of mosquito-borne disease risks. However, the most common laboratory method, the arm-in-cage (AIC) test, may limit the reliable extrapolation of lab results to field conditions. This study’s main goal was to assess alternative laboratory methods for evaluating topical mosquito repellents that use mosquito landing rates more representative of those in the field. The study took place at three E…

Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by a diethylene triamine-hyaluronic acid derivative and use as antibacterial coating

2022

In this work a synthetic protocol for the functionalization of hyaluronic acid with diethylenetriamine (DETA) was standardized. HA-DETA derivatives were characterized by NMR and proton carbon correlation analysis HSQC and HMBC to confirm chemical structure. A selected derivative was used to set up a green fabrication procedure for HA-DETA capped silver nanoparticles with the aim to achieve a polymeric based coating with potential application in the treatment of medical devices associated infections. Data from UV-visible spectroscopy, electron scanning and transmission microscope (STEM), photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS) and rheological characterization were combined to characterize the HA-DE…

More accuracy to the EROD measurements—The resorufin fluorescence differs between species and individuals

2012

Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity is a biomarker of exposure to planar aromatic hydrocarbons, and it is often measured from the S9 fraction. The effect of the liver S9 fraction of seven boreal freshwater fish species on the fluorescence of resorufin was studied. The S9 fractions diminished resorufin fluorescence by 40–80%, and there were large differences between species. Thus, using a resorufin standard curve without the S9 fraction leads to a large underestimation of the EROD activity. Therefore a microwell plate EROD method was developed that takes into account the effect of each sample on resorufin fluorescence. At least two mechanisms were involved in the decrease of the flu…

Tukea ja neuvoja appeasement-politiikalle : The Timesin uutisointi ja kannanotot Ison-Britannian hallituksen ulkopolitiikasta Tshekkoslovakian ja Sak…

1998

Taitamisen tiede - tietämisen taide : taidon oppimisen arkkitehtuuri

2016

The purpose of this research was to study skill learning and the meaning of the art and skill subjects in Finnish comprehensive school. During the last decade, there have been many discussions in the media about the position of the art and skill subjects in our school system and the curriculum. The beginning, the idea, of this study can be located in 2003, when we educators were in the middle of designing the new curriculum for the year 2004. In that curriculum the amount of the art and skill subjects was decreasing, because the amount of the optional subjects decreased from 20 to 13. Many teachers asked: why was that happening? They had a feeling, that the direction was not right. I was al…

Reduction and solipsism : Husserl's method of reduction and solipsism critique presented against it

2017

Työssäni tutkin Hursserlin reduktion metodia, joka on hänen kehittämänsä suuntauksen, transsendentaalisen fenomenologian, tutkimusmenetelmä. Vastaan kysymykseen, viekö reduktion metodi välttämättä solipsismiin vai ei. Lähtökohtanani on reduktion metodia vastaan esitetty ulkoinen ja sisäinen solipsismi-kritiikki. Vastaan erityisesti Hubert L. Dreyfusin esittämään ulkoiseen kritiikkiin, jonka mukaan Husserlin transsendentaalis-fenomenologinen tutkimus ajautuu välttämättä tilanteeseen, jossa ei voida esittää objektiivisia väittämiä. Analysoin myös Husserl-tutkimuksen keskusteluissa esiintyvää sisäistä kritiikkiä, jonka mukaan reduktion metodi on ongelmallinen tutkittaessa yhteisöllisyyttä ja k…