Search results for "DEFICIENCY"
showing 10 items of 1071 documents
Perspectives on Sustainable Development in the Context of Public Health Issues
2015
Abstract Health is an integral part of sustainable development, a process that can’t be materialized if there is a high prevalence of diseases, a high percentage of those is due to environmental factors. An important component of health is the healthy nutrition, especially of children and pregnant women. Iodine is an essential micronutrient for a good nutrition that covers the physiological needs of the body, iodine deficiency having important consequences for mother and fetus, then for children, especially in the first years of life. The main role of iodine in the body is due to his importance for synthesis of thyroid hormones involved in growth and development of psychic and somatic body,…
“MIATA”—Minimal Information about T Cell Assays
2009
Immunotherapy, especially therapeutic vaccination, has a great deal of potential in the treatment of cancer and certain infectious diseases such as HIV (Allison et al., 2006; Fauci et al., 2008; Feldmann and Steinman, 2005). Numerous vaccine candidates have been tested in patients with a variety of tumor types and chronic viral diseases. Often, the best way to assess the clinical potential of these vaccines is to monitor the induced T cell response, and yet there are currently no standards for reporting these results. This letter is an effort to address this problem.
An Efficient Synthesis of Tenofovir (PMPA): A Key Intermediate Leading to Tenofovir-Based HIV Medicines
2020
Abstract: Herein, we report further improvements to the synthesis of tenofovir 1, the precursor to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate. Starting from acyclic precursor diaminomalononitrile 12, a four-step protocol to tenofovir 1 will allow for vertical integration for more manufacturers. The key transformation is a more convergent one step procedure from 6 as compared to the current commercial process, with an improved yield from 59% (two steps) to 70%. Further improvements include eliminating the need for problematic magnesium tert-butoxide (MTB) and significant solvent reduction by eliminating the need for an intermediate workup. With the costs of HIV/AIDS tre…
Acceptability of dual HIV/syphilis rapid test in community- and home-based testing strategy among transgender women in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
2021
Background: Little is known of acceptability and feasibility of dual HIV and syphilis rapid tests in community- and home-based provider-initiated strategies among transgender women (TGW), in Latin America. Objectives were (1) to assess the acceptability of this strategy and, (2) to determine the percentage of positive results of HIV and syphilis, analyze the correlates of HIV or syphilis positive results, and measure the rates of effective referral and treatment completion among TGW. Methods: A multidisciplinary team tested 89 TGW in Buenos Aires. An acceptability survey was administered after the HIV/syphilis Duo test was used. All confirmed cases were referred for treatment initiation. R…
Barriers to insulin initiation and intensification and how to overcome them
2009
Summary Aims: To review published evidence and clinical experience of the perceived barriers to insulin initiation and intensification and to develop solutions for patient management. Method: Literature review and workshop discussions. Results: Many patients with diabetes fail to achieve targets for glycaemic control because of inappropriate use of insulin. Patients and health care professionals face many potential barriers to insulin initiation and intensification in primary care. These can be categorised as low motivation, lack of familiarity or experience and time constraints. Conclusion: Solutions should be tailored to different health care settings. Strategies include improving edu…
In Vitro Cultured Islet‐Derived Progenitor Cells of Human Origin Express Human Albumin in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mouse Liver In Vivo
2004
Studies in rodents suggest the presence of a hepatopancreatic stem cell in adult pancreas that may give rise to liver cells in vivo. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of human islet-derived cells to adopt a hepatic phenotype in vivo. Cultured human islet-derived progenitor cells that did not express albumin in vitro were stained with the red fluorescent dye PKH26 and injected into the liver of severe combined immunodeficiency mice. After 3 or 12 weeks, red fluorescent cells were detected in 11 of 15 livers and were mostly single cells that were well integrated into the liver tissue. Human albumin was found in 8 of 11 animals by immunohistochemistry, and human albumin…
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulates acute and late mast cell responses.
2012
Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor whose activity is modulated by xenobiotics as well as physiological ligands. These compounds may modulate inflammatory responses and contribute to the rising prevalence of allergic diseases observed in industrialized countries. Mast cells (MCs), located within tissues at the boundary of the external environment, represent a potential target of AhR ligands. In this study, we report that murine and human MCs constitutively express AhR, and its activation by the high-affinity ligand 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) determines a boost in degranulation. On the contrary, repeated exposure to FICZ inhibits…
Management of HCV-Related Liver Disease in Hemophilia and Thalassemia
2018
AbstractChronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has long been the dominant complication of substitution therapy in patients with inherited blood disorders and the cause of anticipated death due to end-stage liver disease. In hemophilia, transmission of HCV with clotting factors concentrates started to be curbed in the mid-1980s following the adoption of procedures of virus inactivation of concentrates based on heat, whereas in the 1990s treatment of HCV infection with interferon monotherapy was attempted, however, with little success. The advent of combination therapy of interferon with ribavirin led to a substantial improvement of treatment outcome (40% rate of cure), that howev…
D2R striatopallidal neurons inhibit both locomotor and drug reward processes.
2009
The specific functions of dopamine D(2) receptor-positive (D(2)R) striatopallidal neurons remain poorly understood. Using a genetic mouse model, we found that ablation of D(2)R neurons in the entire striatum induced hyperlocomotion, whereas ablation in the ventral striatum increased amphetamine conditioned place preference. Thus D(2)R striatopallidal neurons limit both locomotion and, unexpectedly, drug reinforcement.
Estudio transversal de medición de la composición corporal en pacientes con cáncer mediante antropometría y técnicas de imagen médica
2019
Introducción: Analizar la composición corporal tanto mediante técnicas antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos clásicos, como mediante técnicas modernas utilizando tomografía computarizada (TC), en pacientes oncológicos antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia.Metodología: Se analizaron de forma retrospectiva 22 pacientes con diversos tumores del aparato digestivo, que fueron sometidos al TC de planificación antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia, y que disponían de un corte axial en la tercera vértebra lumbar. Para analizar la composición corporal, se determinaron tanto parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos clásicos, como la determinación de la masa muscular mediante …