Search results for "DEPTH"

Why laparoscopists may opt for three-dimensional view: a summary of the full HTA report on 3D versus 2D laparoscopy by S.I.C.E. (Società Italiana di …

2018

Background Three-dimensional view in laparoscopic general, gynaecologic and urologic surgery is an efficient, safe and sustainable innovation. The present paper is an extract taken from a full health technology assessment report on three-dimensional vision technology compared with standard two-dimensional laparoscopic systems. Methods A health technology assessment approach was implemented in order to investigate all the economic, social, ethical and organisational implications related to the adoption of the innovative three-dimensional view. With the support of a multi-disciplinary team, composed of eight experts working in Italian hospitals and Universities, qualitative and quantitative d…

Sensor Fusion Combining 3-D and 2-D for Depth Data Enhancement

2012

Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras are known to be cost-efficient 3-D sensing systems capable of providing full scene depth information at a high frame rate. Among many other advantages, ToF cameras are able to provide distance information regardless of the illumination conditions and with no texture dependency, which makes them very suitable for computer vision and robotic applications where reliable distance measurements are required. However, the resolution of the given depth maps is far below the resolution given by standard 2-D video cameras which, indeed, restricts the use of ToF cameras in real applications such as those for safety and surveillance. In this thesis, we therefore investigate…

Depth profiling of Al2O3 + TiO2 nanolaminates by means of a time-of-flight energy spectrometer

2011

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is currently a widespread method to grow conformal thin films with a sub-nm thickness control. By using ALD for nanolaminate oxides, it is possible to fine tune the electrical, optical and mechanical properties of thin films. In this study the elemental depth profiles and surface roughnesses were determined for Al2O3 + TiO2 nanolaminates with nominal single-layer thicknesses of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 nm and total thickness between 40 nm and 60 nm. The depth profiles were measured by means of a time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (ToF-ERDA) spectrometer recently installed at the University of Jyväskylä. In TOF-E measurements 63Cu, 35Cl, 12C and 4He ions…

Time-of-flight - Energy spectrometer for elemental depth profiling - Jyväskylä design

2014

Abstract A new time-of-flight elastic recoil detection spectrometer has been built, and initially the main effort was focused in getting good timing resolution and high detection efficiency for light elements. With the ready system, a 154 ps timing resolution was recorded for scattered 4.8 MeV 4 He 2+ ions. The hydrogen detection efficiency was from 80% to 20% for energies from 100 keV to 1 MeV, respectively, and this was achieved by having an additional atomic layer deposited Al 2 O 3 coating on the first timing detector’s carbon foil. The data acquisition system utilizes an FPGA-card to time-stamp every time-of-flight and energy event with 25 ns resolution. The different origins of the ba…

Depth profiling of Al2O3+ TiO2 nanolaminates by means of a time-of-flight energy spectromete

2011

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is currently a widespread method to grow conformal thin films with a sub-nm thickness control. By using ALD for nanolaminate oxides, it is possible to fine tune the electrical, optical and mechanical properties of thin films. In this study the elemental depth profiles and surface roughnesses were determined for Al2O3 + TiO2 nanolaminates with nominal single-layer thicknesses of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 nm and total thickness between 40 nm and 60 nm. The depth profiles were measured by means of a time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (ToF-ERDA) spectrometer recently installed at the University of Jyväskylä. In TOF-E measurements 63Cu, 35Cl, 12C and 4He ions…

Improvement of time-of-flight spectrometer for elastic recoil detection analysis

2013

Sample–tip coupling efficiencies of the photon-scanning tunneling microscope

1991

The photon-scanning tunneling microscope is the photon analog to the electron-scanning tunneling microscope. It uses the evanescent field due to the total internal reflection of a light beam in a prism, modulated by a sample attached to the prism. The exponential decay of the evanescent field is characterized by the penetration depth dp and depends on the angle of incidence θ, the wavelength, and the polarization of the incident beam. The 1/e decay lengths range from 150 to 265 nm as deduced from the expression of the electric-field intensity in the rarer medium for θ = π/2. If we place another optically transparent medium near the surface, frustrated total reflection occurs. It is shown th…

Fabry nephropathy: 5 years of enzyme replacement therapy-a short review.

2007

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease, resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A and subsequent cellular storage of the enzyme substrate globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) [1]. Estimates of the incidence of Fabry disease vary markedly, from 1:<5000 male births in a newborn screening study in Italy [2] to 1:117 000 male births in Australia [3] and 1:833 000 male births in northern Portugal [4]. In general, hemizygous males are more severely affected than heterozygous females. In males, life expectancy is reduced by an average of 20 years [5] and in females by 15 years [6]. Although males tend to suffer symptoms earlier than females, both boys and girls can be affe…

Fuzzified Tree Search in Real Domain Games

2011

Fuzzified game tree search algorithm is based on the idea that the exact game tree evaluation is not required to find the best move. Therefore, pruning techniques may be applied earlier resulting in faster search and greater performance. Applied to an abstract domain, it outperforms the existing ones such as Alpha-Beta, PVS, Negascout, NegaC*, SSS*/ Dual* and MTD(f). In this paper we present experimental results in real domain games, where the proposed algorithm demonstrated 10 percent performance increase over the existing algorithms.

Column-integrated aerosol optical properties in the free troposphere: case study-Sierra Nevada, Spain

2004

From spectral solar irradiance extinction measurements in the visible range carried out at Sierra Nevada (2950 m a.s.l.) during July 1998, the characteristics of the aerosol column in the free troposphere have been measured. The results show that in stable atmospheric conditions, the column-integrated aerosol takes an optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm of 0.02 /spl plusmn/ 0.02, and an average radius in the accumulation mode of 0.15 /spl mu/m, with a likely Atlantic origin. In unstable situations, the AOD at 500 nm can increase by more than an order of magnitude, and the aerosols' origin is uncertain, since air masses can arrive from different sources at different altitudes.