Search results for "DIOXIDE"

Growth and characterization of AP-MOCVD iron doped titanium dioxide thin films

1999

Abstract Atmospheric pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (AP-MOCVD) was used to prepare iron doped titanium dioxide thin films. Thin films, between 40 and 150 nm thick, were deposited on Si, SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 substrates using titanium tetra isopropoxide and ferrocene as metal organic precursors. TiO 2 iron doping was achieved in the range of 1–4 at.%. The film morphology and thickness, polycrystalline texture and doping content were studied using respectively scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influence of growth temperature, deposition time, substrate type and dopant partial pressure were studied. Electr…

<title>Advances in silica-based glasses for UV and vacuum UV laser optics</title>

2003

The origins of pre-existing and laser-induced ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) optical absorption in state-of-the-art glassy silicon dioxide and the ways to improve it are reviewed. The main causes of pre-existing absorption in UV/VUV are oxygen vacancies, hydroxyl (silanol) groups, and strained bonds/localized states due to glassy disorder. The main absorption bands induced by UV/VUV excimer lasers are due to oxygen vacancies and due to silicon and oxygen dangling bonds (E'-centers and non-bridging oxygen hole centers, respectively). The optimized glasses are achieved via an intricate balance between a good stoichiometry, use of network modifiers (F or OH) to reduce the number…

Densification of MnDoped Tin Oxide Films by Conventional Heating and Microwave Heating Treatment

2005

Mn(II) doped SnO2 thin films used for shielding fluoride glasses against corrosion were investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS and XANE)S at the Sn and Mn K-edges. The effect of firing treatment on the densification of the films was studied. It has been evidenced a partial change of Mn valence from 2.3 to 2.6 upon heating which is attributed to a change of ratios of two Mn sites: grafted divalent Mn ions at the surface of SnO2 nanocrystallites and trivalent Mn ions embedded into a substitutional solid solution with Sn.

The first operating thermolytic reverse electrodialysis heat engine

2020

Abstract Thermolytic reverse electrodialysis heat engine (t-RED HE) has been recently proposed as a technology for converting low-temperature waste heat into electricity. The construction and operation of the first world lab-scale prototype unit are reported. The system consists of: (i) a reverse electrodialysis unit where, the concentration gradient between two solutions of thermolytic salts is converted into electricity and (ii) a thermally-driven regeneration unit where low-temperature heat is used to restore the initial conditions of the two feed streams. Regeneration is based on a degradation process of salts into gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, which can be removed almost entirely…

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to HCOOH at tin cathode in a pressurized undivided filter-press cell

2018

Abstract The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid was performed for the first time in a pressurized filter-press cell with a continuous recirculation of the electrolytic solution (0.9 L) at a tin cathode. It was shown that the performances of the system are comparable or slightly better than that of a batch system with a smaller volume (0.05 L). The selection of proper values of both current density and CO2 pressure allowed to achieve quite high values of faradaic efficiencies. Long-time electrolyses have shown that the system is stable and that it can allow to generate quite high concentrations of HCOOH (about 0.4 M).

Development of an Electrochemical Process for the Simultaneous Treatment of Wastewater and the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Higher Value Products

2016

Many researchers have shown that selected anodic processes allow effective treatment of a very large amount of wastewater contaminated by pollutants resistant to biological processes. In the meantime, various authors have also shown that carbon dioxide can be converted into higher value products, such as formic acid or synthesis gas, by cathodic reduction at suitable cathodes. These two processes present interesting economic potential that, however, still needs to be improved for further development at an industrial level. Herein, these two kinds of process are combined in the same cell to improve their economic feasibility. In particular, the anodic treatment of wastewater at a boron-doped…

Front Cover: (Photo)electrocatalytic Versus Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction (ChemPhotoChem 9/2021)

2021

New concepts and applications in macromolecular chemistry of fullerenes

2010

A new classification on the different types of fullerene-containing polymers is presented according to their different properties and applications they exhibit in a variety of fields. Because of their interest and novelty, water-soluble and biodegradable C(60)-polymers are discussed first, followed by polyfullerene-based membranes where unprecedented supramolecular structures are presented. Next are compounds that involve hybrid materials formed from fullerenes and other components such as silica, DNA, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) where the most recent advances have been achieved. A most relevant topic is still that of C(60)-based donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers. Since their application in pho…

Combustion of activated aluminum

2006

Abstract Combustion of activated aluminum was studied by four different methods: microscopic imaging of the preignition process, digital imaging of the combustion process at pressures up to 64 bar in air, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, TGA, and DSC. Activation by three fundamentally different methods was found effective in enhancing both the ignitability and the burn rate. The complex fluoride coating prevented agglomeration completely in all stages of combustion, while the nickel and cobalt coatings promoted agglomeration of aluminum oxide at combustion, but prevented the agglomeration of the aluminum metal before combustion. Nickel coating catalyzed aluminum nitride formation, accelerating…

Mesoporous ZnFe2O4@TiO2 Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning Coupled to PECVD as Highly Performing Photocatalytic Materials

2017

International audience; Zinc ferrite @ titanium dioxide (ZnFe2O4@TiO2) composite nanofibers were elaborated by combining the two different techniques: electrospinning and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The nanofiber compositions were controlled using different ratios of zinc to iron. Their structural, morphological, and optical properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, BET surface area, Raman spectroscopy, and UV–visible spectrophotometry. The photocatalytic activity has been investigated by the degradation of methylene blue under visible light. The results indicate that the combination of spinel st…