Search results for "DISCIPLINE"

showing 10 items of 2858 documents

Differential Change of Borderline Personality Disorder Traits During Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents

2019

Despite the expansion of treatment options for adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD), research on treatment options for adolescent BPD is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT-A) on the individual trait level as primary outcome; and the frequency of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury, self-reported BPD core pathology, and general psychopathology as secondary outcomes. Seventy-two adolescents (aged 12–17 years) with full- or subsyndromal BPD were treated with DBT-A (25 single sessions, 20 sessions of skills training), and 13 patients (18.1%) withdrew during treatment. From baseline to post-treat…

MaleAdolescentmedicine.medical_treatmentUncontrolled StudyDialectical Behavior Therapybehavioral disciplines and activities03 medical and health sciencesSkills training0302 clinical medicinePrimary outcomeBorderline Personality Disordermental disordersmedicineHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesChildBorderline personality disorder05 social sciencesTreatment optionsmedicine.diseaseDialectical behavior therapy030227 psychiatryPsychiatry and Mental healthClinical PsychologyGeneral psychopathologyTreatment OutcomeTraitFemalePsychology050104 developmental & child psychologyClinical psychologyJournal of Personality Disorders
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Daily energy expenditure through the human life course

2021

Total daily energy expenditure (“total expenditure”, MJ/d) reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, yet it is unclear how daily expenditure changes over the life course. Here, we analyze a large, globally diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 yr. We show that total expenditure is strongly related to fat free mass in a power-law manner and identify four distinct metabolic life stages. Fat free mass-adjusted daily expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates (0-1yr) to ~46% above adult values at ~1 yr, declines slowly throughout childhood and adolescence (1-20 yr) t…

MaleAging030309 nutrition & dietetics[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]BASAL METABOLIC-RATELONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENTCHILDRENVDP::Technology: 500::Electrotechnical disciplines: 540SDG 3 – Goede gezondheid en welzijnRC12000302 clinical medicinePregnancy80 and overGlobal healthWATER030212 general & internal medicineDEPOSITIONYoung adultChildAged 80 and over2. Zero hunger0303 health sciencesMultidisciplinaryMiddle AgedHuman development (humanity)Child PreschoolSLEEP DURATIONBody CompositionLife course approachFemaleIAEA DLW Database ConsortiumAdultAdolescentGeneral Science & TechnologyDoubly labeled waterArticleYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingmedicineHumansExercise physiologyPreschoolExerciseAgedNutritionPregnancyORGAN SIZEbusiness.industryBody WeightInfant NewbornInfantNewbornmedicine.diseaseCELLULAR-LEVEL APPROACHPHYSICAL-ACTIVITYBasal metabolic rateBasal MetabolismEnergy MetabolismbusinessREQUIREMENTSDemographyScience
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Diagnostic utility of hippocampal size and mean diffusivity in amnestic MCI

2007

Hippocampus atrophy is a frequent finding in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), whereas diffusion-tensor-imaging (DTI) has demonstrated its value to detect subtle brain tissue changes in several neuropsychiatric diseases including MCI. To compare the diagnostic accuracy of both methods, high resolution MRI scans for hippocampus volumetry, and co-registered DTI-scans for ROI-based mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were carried out in 18 patients with amnestic MCI (7 females, age 67.3+/-8.7 years, MMSE 25.2+/-2.2) and 18 controls (age 66.9+/-9.0 years, MMSE 28.7+/-1.0). Diagnostic properties of normalized hippocampus volume (HV) and DTI measures with regard to MCI status were…

MaleAgingAmnesiaHippocampal formationHippocampusbehavioral disciplines and activitiesFunctional LateralityAtrophymental disordersFractional anisotropymedicineHumansHippocampus (mythology)AgedAnalysis of VarianceReceiver operating characteristicbusiness.industryGeneral NeuroscienceReproducibility of ResultsMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingLogistic ModelsROC Curvenervous systemCase-Control StudiesFemaleAmnesiaNeurology (clinical)Analysis of varianceGeriatrics and Gerontologymedicine.symptomCognition DisordersNuclear medicinebusinessPsychologyNeuroscienceDevelopmental BiologyDiffusion MRINeurobiology of Aging
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Diaschisis-Like Association of Hippocampal Atrophy and Posterior Cingulate Cortex Hypometabolism in Cognitively Normal Elderly Depends on Impaired In…

2017

Hippocampal atrophy and hypometabolism of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), early markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been shown to be associated in late mild cognitive impairment and early AD via atrophy of connecting cingulum fibers. Recently, a direct association of hippocampal atrophy and PCC hypometabolism has been shown in cognitively normal elderly. We aimed to investigate if this association might be modulated by partly non-hippocampogenic alterations of parahippocampal cingulum (PHC) integrity. 45 cognitively healthy elderly aged 59 to 89 years were included from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Hippocampal volumes and PCC glucose metabolism were measured …

MaleAgingeducationHippocampusHippocampal formationbehavioral disciplines and activitiesBrain mappingGyrus CinguliHippocampus030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineAtrophyFluorodeoxyglucose F18medicineCingulum (brain)HumansGray MatterDiaschisisAgedAged 80 and overBrain Mappingbusiness.industryGeneral NeuroscienceGeneral MedicineOrgan SizeMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseMagnetic Resonance ImagingPsychiatry and Mental healthClinical Psychologymedicine.anatomical_structureGlucosePosterior cingulatePositron-Emission TomographyParahippocampal GyrusRegression AnalysisFemaleGeriatrics and GerontologyAtrophyRadiopharmaceuticalsbusinessNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgeryParahippocampal gyrusJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
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Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) on left cerebellar hemisphere affects mental rotation tasks during music listening.

2013

Converging evidence suggests an association between spatial and music domains. A cerebellar role in music-related information processing as well as in spatial-temporal tasks has been documented. Here, we investigated the cerebellar role in the association between spatial and musical domains, by testing performances in embodied (EMR) or abstract (AMR) mental rotation tasks of subjects listening Mozart Sonata K.448, which is reported to improve spatial-temporal reasoning, in the presence or in the absence of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) of the left cerebellar hemisphere. In the absence of cerebellar cTBS, music listening did not influence either MR task, thus not revealing a “Moz…

MaleAnatomy and PhysiologyTime FactorsCTBSlcsh:MedicineAudiologySocial and Behavioral SciencesMental rotationMUSICBehavioral NeuroscienceMental ProcessesCerebellar hemisphereTask Performance and AnalysisPsychologyTheta Rhythmlcsh:ScienceMultidisciplinaryMusic psychologyCognitive NeurologyBRAIN STIMULATIONExperimental PsychologyhumanitiesMental HealthNeurologyAuditory PerceptionMedicineSensory PerceptionFemalepsychological phenomena and processesResearch ArticleAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentCognitive NeuroscienceNeurophysiologyBiologybehavioral disciplines and activitiesLateralization of brain functionNeurological SystemNOYoung AdultMotor imageryNeuropsychologymedicineReaction TimeHumansActive listeningMozart effectBiologyCEREBELLUMSettore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologicalcsh:RCognitive PsychologyNeuroanatomyAcoustic Stimulationlcsh:QNeuroscience
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Executive Functions Profile in Extreme Eating/Weight Conditions : From Anorexia Nervosa to Obesity

2012

Background: Extreme weight conditions (EWC) groups along a continuum may share some biological risk factors and intermediate neurocognitive phenotypes. A core cognitive trait in EWC appears to be executive dysfunction, with a focus on decision making, response inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Differences between individuals in these areas are likely to contribute to the differences in vulnerability to EWC. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a common pattern of executive dysfunction in EWC while comparing anorexia nervosa patients (AN), obese subjects (OB) and healthy eating/weight controls (HC). Methods: Thirty five AN patients, fifty two OB and one hundred thirty…

MaleAnorexia NervosaEating DisordersObesidadNeuropsychological TestsAudiologySocial and Behavioral Sciences:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]Executive FunctionCognitionCognitive neurologyWisconsin Card Sorting TestImagen CorporalHuman PerformancePsychology:Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Eating Disorders::Anorexia Nervosa [Medical Subject Headings]Anorexia NerviosaPsychiatryMultidisciplinaryQCognitive flexibilityRNeuropsychological testingAnorèxia nerviosaMiddle AgedExecutive functionsToma de ConcienciaClinical PsychologyMental HealthPruebas NeuropsicológicasAnorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses)Eating disordersMedicineObesitatFemalemedicine.symptomConducta compulsivaResearch ArticleAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyImpulsivityAdolescentScienceDecision MakingPes corporalBiologyImpulsivityYoung AdultNeuropsychologymedicineHumansObesityTrastorns de la conducta alimentàriaNutritionBehavior:Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Cognition::Awareness [Medical Subject Headings]Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con HiperactividadAnorexia nervosaBody weight:Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesity [Medical Subject Headings]Impulsive Behavior:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychological Tests::Neuropsychological Tests [Medical Subject Headings]:Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Perception::Body Image [Medical Subject Headings]NeurocognitiveDecision making:Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood::Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders::Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity [Medical Subject Headings]Stroop effectExecutive dysfunction
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The nutrigenetic influence of the interaction between dietary vitamin E and TXN and COMT gene polymorphisms on waist circumference: a case control st…

2015

Background Abdominal obesity (AO) is a common modifiable risk factor for certain non-communicable diseases associated with enhanced oxidative stress (OS). The objective of this work was to investigate whether the interaction between antioxidant vitamin intake and OS-related polymorphisms modulates gene-associated anthropometry in a Spanish population. Methods A total of 246 subjects with AO, and 492 age and gender matched non-AO subjects were included in the study. Anthropometric, biochemical, and OS parameters, and antioxidant dietary intake data were assessed using validated procedures. DNA from white blood cells was isolated and the genotype of seven polymorphisms from genes involved in …

MaleAntioxidantPolimorphismmedicine.medical_treatment:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Thioredoxins [Medical Subject Headings]Antioxidantes:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk Factors [Medical Subject Headings]AntioxidantsVitamin E intakeObesidad abdominalchemistry.chemical_compoundNutrigenomicsThioredoxinsPolymorphism (computer science):Anatomy::Cells::Blood Cells::Leukocytes [Medical Subject Headings]Risk FactorsGenotypeVitamin E:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleosides::Deoxyribonucleosides::Deoxyguanosine [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Growth Substances::Micronutrients::Vitamins [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Oxidative Stress [Medical Subject Headings]Abdominal obesityNutrigenómicaMedicine(all)AnthropometryAge FactorsGeneral MedicineAbdominal obesity:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight::Overweight::Obesity::Obesity Abdominal [Medical Subject Headings]Middle Aged:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Models Statistical::Logistic Models [Medical Subject Headings]Waist circumferenceDietaFemale:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genotype [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.symptomFactores de riesgoVitaminAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeVitamina ECatechol-O-methyltransferaseBiology:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Structures::Genome::Genome Components::Genes::Genes Reporter [Medical Subject Headings]Catechol O-Methyltransferase:Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Pigments Biological::Carotenoids::Retinoids::Vitamin A [Medical Subject Headings]Polymorphism Single NucleotideGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologySex FactorsInternal medicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Oxygen Compounds::Reactive Oxygen Species [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Protective Agents::Antioxidants [Medical Subject Headings]medicinePerímetro abdominal:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Waist Circumference [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds 2-Ring::Benzopyrans::Vitamin E [Medical Subject Headings]HumansObesityPolymorphismThioredoxinAgedCatechol-O-methyl transferaseBiochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)Vitamin EResearchCase-control studyGenes informadores:Disciplines and Occupations::Natural Science Disciplines::Biological Science Disciplines::Biology::Genetics::Genomics::Nutrigenomics [Medical Subject Headings]DietOxidative StressEndocrinologychemistrySpainOxidative stressCase-Control Studies:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Transferases::One-Carbon Group Transferases::Methyltransferases::Catechol O-Methyltransferase [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleic Acids::DNA [Medical Subject Headings]Genotipo
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Apathy and Reduced Speed of Processing Underlie Decline in Verbal Fluency following DBS

2017

Objective. Reduced verbal fluency is a strikingly uniform finding following deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD). The precise cognitive mechanism underlying this reduction remains unclear, but theories have suggested reduced motivation, linguistic skill, and/or executive function. It is of note, however, that previous reports have failed to consider the potential role of any changes in speed of processing. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine verbal fluency changes with a particular focus on the role of cognitive speed. Method. In this study, 28 patients with PD completed measures of verbal fluency, motivation, language, executive functioning, and speed of process…

MaleArticle SubjectVerbal BehaviorDeep Brain StimulationApathyParkinson DiseaseNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryMiddle AgedNeuropsychological Testsbehavioral disciplines and activitiesSpeech DisordersExecutive FunctionCognitionHumansFemaleResearch ArticleAgedRC321-571Behavioural Neurology
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Cortical processing of musical sounds in children with Cochlear Implants

2012

Abstract Objective We studied the neurocognitive mechanisms of musical instrument sound perception in children with Cochlear Implants (CIs) and in children with normal hearing (NH). Methods ERPs were recorded in a new multi-feature change-detection paradigm. Three magnitudes of change in fundamental frequency, musical instrument, duration, intensity increments and decrements, and presence of a temporal gap were presented amongst repeating 295 Hz piano tones. Independent Component Analysis was utilized to remove artifacts caused by the Cochlear Implants. Results The ERPs were similar in the two groups across all perceptual dimensions except for intensity increment deviants. CI children had s…

MaleAuditory perceptionmedicine.medical_specialtySpeech perceptiongenetic structuresmedicine.medical_treatmentmedia_common.quotation_subjectMismatch negativityMusical instrumentSound perceptionAudiologybehavioral disciplines and activities050105 experimental psychology03 medical and health sciencesP3a0302 clinical medicinePhysiology (medical)Cochlear implantPerceptionmedicineHumansAttention0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesChildmedia_commonAuditory Cortex05 social sciencesSensory SystemsCochlear ImplantsAcoustic StimulationNeurologyChild PreschoolAuditory PerceptionEvoked Potentials AuditoryFemalesense organsNeurology (clinical)PsychologyMusic030217 neurology & neurosurgeryClinical Neurophysiology
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Prognostic factors and predictors of outcome in children with autism spectrum disorder: the role of the paediatrician.

2021

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder is a complex condition with wide variation in type and severity that involves persistent challenges in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, restricted/repetitive behaviours and adaptive behaviours. In recent years, research has deepened the study of the predictive factors of optimal outcome, intended as indicators of positive trajectory in children with a previous diagnosis of autism who, after a therapeutic path, show a significant reduction in the “core” symptoms of autism and a positive evolution in social, adaptive, affective, and relational skills. Methods The study included 40 children aged 21 to 66 months, enrolled betwe…

MaleAutism Spectrum DisorderEmotionsIntelligenceEmotional contagionbehavioral disciplines and activities03 medical and health sciencesNonverbal communication0302 clinical medicinePaediatricianmental disordersmedicineHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesPediatriciansPhysician's RoleRetrospective StudiesOutcomeIntelligence quotientbusiness.industryPredictorsResearch05 social scienceslcsh:RJ1-570InfantCognitionRetrospective cohort studylcsh:Pediatricsmedicine.diseasePrognosisSocial relationAutism spectrum disorderChild PreschoolAutismFemaleEmotional variablesbusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryPredictor050104 developmental & child psychologyClinical psychologyItalian journal of pediatrics
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