Search results for "DISCIPLINE"

showing 10 items of 2858 documents

Validation of a pre-coded food diary Used among 60–80 year old men: Comparison of self-reported energy intake with objectively recorded energy expend…

2014

Published version of an article from the journal Plos One. Also available from the publisher: dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102029 Open Access Objective: To validate energy intake (EI) estimated from a pre-coded food diary (PFD) against energy expenditure (EE) measured with a valid physical activity monitor (SenseWear Pro3 Armband) and to evaluate whether misreporting was associated with overweight/obesity in a group of elderly men. Methods: Forty-seven healthy Norwegian men, 60–80 years old, completed the study. As this study was part of a larger intervention study, cross-sectional data were collected at both baseline and post-test. Participants recorded their food intake for four conse…

MaleHealth ScreeningPhysiologyMonitoring Ambulatorylcsh:MedicineMotor ActivityBody Mass IndexVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Nutrition: 811Mental Health and PsychiatryHuman PerformanceMedicine and Health SciencesPsychologyHumansPublic and Occupational HealthObesitySports and Exercise Medicinelcsh:ScienceNutritionAgedBehaviorMalnutritionBody Weightlcsh:RBiology and Life SciencesMiddle AgedDiet RecordsPhysiological ParametersGeriatricslcsh:QPreventive MedicineSelf ReportEnergy IntakeEnergy MetabolismResearch Article
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Depressive Mood and Testosterone Related to Declarative Verbal Memory Decline in Middle-Aged Caregivers of Children with Eating Disorders

2016

Caring for children diagnosed with a chronic psychological disorder such as an eating disorder (ED) can be used as a model of chronic stress. This kind of stress has been reported to have deleterious effects on caregivers' cognition, particularly in verbal declarative memory of women caregivers. Moreover, high depressive mood and variations in testosterone (T) levels moderate this cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to characterize whether caregivers of individuals with EDs (n = 27) show declarative memory impairments compared to non-caregivers caregivers (n = 27), using for this purpose a standardized memory test (Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test). Its purpose was also to e…

MaleHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisPoison controllcsh:MedicineNeuropsychological TestsDevelopmental psychology0302 clinical medicineAdaptation PsychologicalChronic stressCognitive declineChildCommunication05 social sciencesCognitionMiddle Ageddepressive moodEating disordersChild PreschoolFemalePsychologyAdultcaregiversAdolescenteating disordersVerbal learningbehavioral disciplines and activities050105 experimental psychologyFeeding and Eating DisordersYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesMemoryStress PhysiologicalmedicineHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesDepressive DisorderVerbal Behaviorlcsh:RPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthInfantmedicine.diseaseMooddeclarative memorySpainChronic DiseasetestosteroneVerbal memoryCognition DisordersStress Psychological030217 neurology & neurosurgeryInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

2016

Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in Europe is stable at around 8%. The impact of baseline mutation patterns on susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs should be addressed using clinical guidelines. The impact on baseline susceptibility is largest for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

MaleHuman immunodeficiency virus 1EtravirineRNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitordarunavirHIV InfectionsSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata:Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public Health [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]Salud públicageneticsInhibidores de proteasas:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings]atazanavirmedia_commontransmission:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings]3. Good healthmicrobial sensitivity testpriority journalEurope ; HIV-1 ; antiretroviral therapy ; drug resistance ; transmissionHIV/AIDSlamivudineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacologyanti human immunodeficiency virus agentDrugMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyantiviral susceptibility:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings]media_common.quotation_subjectantiretroviral therapy030106 microbiologyHIV Infections/drug therapy:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Antiviral Agents::Anti-Retroviral Agents::Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]Microbial Sensitivity TestsRILPIVIRINEArticleEFAVIRENZ03 medical and health sciencestransmitted drug resistanceSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingHumansTransmissionhuman:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Pharmacological Phenomena::Drug Resistance [Medical Subject Headings]REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORSRilpivirinaINTEGRASEMUTATIONSabacavirmajor clinical studyVirologyInfecciones por VIHRegimenAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Medicine (all); Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseaseschemistryDrug resistance:Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds 1-Ring::Oxazines::Benzoxazines [Medical Subject Headings]MutationHIV-10301 basic medicinenevirapineDrug resistanceCommunicable diseases:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Confidence Intervals [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compoundantiviral therapyINFECTIONMedicine and Health SciencesPrevalence:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Surveys and Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings]ViralNon-U.S. Gov'tReverse-transcriptase inhibitorantiretrovirus agentResearch Support Non-U.S. Gov'tMedicine (all)Human immunodeficiency virus infected patientMiddle AgedvirologyPREVALENCEAntiretroviral therapyEncuestas y CuestionariosANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENTEuropeInfectious DiseasesHIV-1/drug effectsHIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacologyRilpivirineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors:Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [Medical Subject Headings]FemaleHIV drug resistancemedicine.drugAdultHuman immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Nitriles::Rilpivirine [Medical Subject Headings]EfavirenzAnti-HIV AgentsResearch SupportResistencia a medicamentosSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEantiviral resistanceInternal medicineAnti-HIV Agents/pharmacologyDrug Resistance ViralJournal Articlemedicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Enzyme Inhibitors::Protease Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]abacavir plus lamivudineEuropa (Continente)Antiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Resistance Viral; Europe; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mutation; Prevalence; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesemtricitabinenonhumanIntervalos de confianzadrug resistanceMutaciónAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmissionbusiness.industryHIVpredictionInhibidores de la transcriptasa inversaHIV Protease InhibitorsHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectiontenofovirINDIVIDUALSDrug Resistance Viral/geneticsBenzoxazinasETRAVIRINEdrug effects3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicinePrevalenciabusiness
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Measuring Impulsivity in School-Aged Boys and Examining Its Relationship with ADHD and ODD Ratings

2004

Seven different laboratory measures of impulsivity were administered to a group of 165 school-aged boys. Parents' and teachers' ratings of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional/Defiant Disorder were also obtained. Factor analyses of impulsivity measures revealed the existence of a strong Inhibitory Control Factor including measures derived from Stop Task, the Continuous Performance Test, the Matching Familiar Figures Test, and the Circle Tracing Task. Other forms of impulsivity like resistance to interference, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and efficiency in the DRL Task loaded on a second independent factor. The Inhibitory Control factor was correlated with ADHD ra…

MaleImpulsivitySeverity of Illness Indexbehavioral disciplines and activitiesDevelopmental psychologyDiagnosis DifferentialWisconsin Card Sorting Testmental disordersInhibitory controlDevelopmental and Educational PsychologymedicineHumansChildPsychological TestsSchool age childmedicine.diseaseTest (assessment)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersDisruptive Impulse Control and Conduct DisordersInhibition PsychologicalPsychiatry and Mental healthEl NiñoAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAttention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersDisinhibitionConduct disordermedicine.symptomFactor Analysis StatisticalPsychologyReinforcement PsychologyJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology
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Behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of cognitive control in ex-obese adults

2017

Impaired cognitive control functions have been documented in obesity. It remains unclear whether these functions normalize after weight reduction. We compared ex-obese individuals, who successfully underwent substantial weight loss after bariatric surgery, to normal-weight participants on measures of resistance to interference, cognitive flexibility and response inhibition, obtained from the completion of two Stroop tasks, a Switching task and a Go/NoGo task, respectively. To elucidate the underlying brain mechanisms, event-related potentials (ERPs) in the latter two tasks were examined. As compared to controls, patients were more susceptible to the predominant but task-irrelevant stimulus …

MaleInhibition (Psychology)Bariatric surgery; ERP; Inhibition; Obesity; Stroop; SwitchingAudiologyDevelopmental psychologyTask (project management)CognitionPostoperative Complications0302 clinical medicineWeight lossPostoperative PeriodEvoked PotentialsInhibitionGeneral Neuroscience05 social sciencesCognitive flexibilityBrainElectroencephalographyCognitionMiddle AgedInhibition PsychologicalNeuropsychology and Physiological PsychologyFemaleStroopEvoked Potentialmedicine.symptomCase-Control StudiePsychologypsychological phenomena and processesERPHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyStimulus (physiology)behavioral disciplines and activities050105 experimental psychologyYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesSettore M-PSI/08 - Psicologia ClinicaWeight LossReaction TimemedicineHumansCognitive Dysfunction0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesObesityBariatric surgeryNeuroscience (all)Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologicamedicine.diseaseObesityWeight LoElectrophysiologyCase-Control StudiesStroop TestSwitchingPostoperative Complication030217 neurology & neurosurgeryStroop effect
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Self-pathologizing, self-condemning, self-liberating: Youths' accounts of their ADHD-related behavior

2016

This study analyzes the discursive construction of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and self in relation to a socioculturally shared understanding of moral norms. Thirteen Finnish youth aged 11 to 16 diagnosed with ADHD were interviewed during this discourse analysis study. The youth accounted for their culturally undesirable behavior, performance and traits through three different types of accounts: (1) externalizing personal responsibility due to a compelling medical condition, (2) internalizing personal responsibility through moral self-condemnation, and (3) distancing oneself from the socially imposed stereotypes and stigmas related to ADHD. This study challenges dominant…

MaleLegal normHealth (social science)Social adjustmentAdolescentDistancingDiscourse analysisattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Identity (social science)behavioral disciplines and activitiesHistory and Philosophy of Sciencemoral responsibilitymental disordersmedicineHumansAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderta5160501 psychology and cognitive sciencesMoral responsibilityChilddiscourse analysisQualitative ResearchFinlandidentityBehavioraccountyouth05 social sciencesinterview050301 educationmedicine.diseasehumanitiesdiskurssianalyysiAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivitynuoruusFemalePsychologySocial Adjustment0503 educationSocial psychology050104 developmental & child psychologyQualitative researchSocial Science & Medicine
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Self-Perceptions, Self-Worth and Sport Participation in Adolescents

2012

The purpose of this study was to study the associations between specific self-perceptions and global self-worth with different frequency levels of sport participation among Spanish boys and girls adolescents. Students (457 boys and 460 girls) completed the Self Perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985) and items assessing sport engagement from The Health Behavior in School Children Questionnaire (Wold, 1995). Results showed that some specific dimensions of self-perception were related to different frequency of sport participation whereas overall judgments of self-worth did not. Specifically, for boys and girls, higher levels of sport participation were positively associated to Athletic…

MaleLinguistics and LanguageAdolescentSelfSelf-conceptHuman factors and ergonomicsPoison controlHuman physical appearancebehavioral disciplines and activitiesSuicide preventionSelf ConceptLanguage and LinguisticsDevelopmental psychologySex FactorsSpainSurveys and QuestionnairesInjury preventionHumansFemaleChildPsychologyCompetence (human resources)Social psychologyGeneral PsychologySportsThe Spanish journal of psychology
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The role of linguistic and cognitive factors in emotion recognition difficulties in children with ASD, ADHD or DLD.

2018

Background Many children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or developmental language disorder (DLD) have difficulty recognizing and understanding emotions. However, the reasons for these difficulties are currently not well understood. Aims To compare the emotion recognition skills of children with neurodevelopmental disorders as well as those children's skills with the skills of their typically developing (TD) age peers. Also, to identify the role of underlying factors in predicting emotion recognition skills. Methods & procedures The 6-10-year-old children (n = 50) who participated in the study had eith…

MaleLinguistics and LanguageAutism Spectrum DisordereducationEmotionsSpecific language impairmentNeuropsychological Testsbehavioral disciplines and activitiesLanguage and LinguisticsSpeech and HearingCognitionTheory of mindmedicineAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderHumansLanguage Development DisordersCognitive skillChildFacial expressionCognitionLinguisticsRecognition Psychologymedicine.diseaseLinguisticsAutism spectrum disorderAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAutismFemalePsychologyInternational journal of languagecommunication disordersReferences
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Associative and implicit memory performance as a function of cognitive reserve in elderly adults with and without mild cognitive impairment

2016

AbstractThis study aims to analyze implicit and explicit memory performance as a function of cognitive reserve (CR) in a healthy control group (N = 39) and a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group (N = 37). Both groups were subdivided into high and low cognitive reserve, and were asked to complete an explicit and implicit associative recognition tasks. The results showed that the control group was able to learn both tasks (η2 = .19, p < .0001), and the high CR group fared better (η2 = .06, p < .05). The MCI sample, conversely, was unable to learn the implicit relationship, and showed very little learning on the explicit association task. Participants diagnosed with MCI showed little pl…

MaleLinguistics and Languagemedicine.medical_specialtyAgingTrastorns de la cognició en la vellesaAudiologybehavioral disciplines and activities050105 experimental psychologyLanguage and Linguistics03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineCognitive ReserveExplicit memorymedicineHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesCognitive DysfunctionElderly adultsCognitive impairmentAssociation (psychology)General PsychologyAssociative propertyCognitive reserveAgedAged 80 and over05 social sciencesAssociation LearningRecognition PsychologyMiddle AgedFemaleTrastorns de la memòria en la vellesaImplicit memoryImplicit relationshipPsychology030217 neurology & neurosurgeryCognitive psychology
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The role of emotions in depression and aggression

2016

Background Depression is a broad and heterogeneous diagnostic grouping, central to which is depressed mood or inability to enjoy most activities. Depressive symptoms are frequently accompanied by conduct problems stemming from anger. It is very important to know the interrelation of these emotions very well to be able to help adolescents to manage them more easily. The main aim of this article is to present the problem of interaction between negative affects (emotional instability, anger state and trait, physical and verbal aggression and depression) analyzing the different relationship through the time in spanish sample. Material and Methods The sample included 470 adolescents (192 boys an…

MaleLongitudinal studyAdolescentmedia_common.quotation_subjectEmotionsPoison controlAngerSuicide preventionbehavioral disciplines and activitiesEmotional InstabilityDevelopmental psychology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineInjury preventionmedicineHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesLongitudinal StudiesGeneral Dentistrymedia_commonOral Medicine and PathologyAggressionDepressionResearch05 social sciencesHuman factors and ergonomics:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO]AggressionOtorhinolaryngologySpainUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASSurgeryFemalemedicine.symptomPsychology030217 neurology & neurosurgery050104 developmental & child psychologyClinical psychologyMedicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal
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