Search results for "DISEQUILIBRIUM"

Rapid evolving RNA gene HAR1A and schizophrenia

2008

Genetic variability in environmental isolates of Legionella pneumophila from Comunidad Valenciana (Spain).

2006

Summary Legionella pneumophila is associated to recurrent outbreaks in several Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) localities, especially in Alcoi, where social and climatic conditions seem to provide an excellent environment for bacterial growth. We have analysed the nucleotide sequences of three loci from 25 environmental isolates from Alcoi and nearby locations sampled over 3 years. The analysis of these isolates has revealed a substan- tial level of genetic variation, with consistent patterns of variability across loci, and comparable to that found in a large, European-wide sampling of clinical isolates. Among the tree loci studied, fliC showed the highest level of nucleotide diversity. The an…

Genetic Diversity in Latvian Spring Barley Association Mapping Population

2012

Certified organic crop area is continuously increasing in European Union and in Latvia (Eurostat data), despite somewhat lower yield and higher potential for disease damage in organic farming. It is increasingly recognized that breeding varieties for organic farming requires focus on specific traits that may be less important under conventional agriculture. Molecular markers are becoming essential tools for plant breeding allowing reducing time and cost of development of new varieties by early selection of progeny with desired traits. However, there is lack of information on molecular markers for traits that may be important for organic farming, such as plant morphological traits ensuring c…

Geographical Distribution of Unemployment: An Analysis of Provincial Differences in Italy

2007

Unemployment rates appear to vary widely at a subregional (e.g., local or provincial) level. Using spatial econometric models for spatial autocorrelation, this paper focuses attention on the spatial structure of regional unemployment disparities of Italian provinces. On the basis of findings from the economic literature and of the available socio-economic data, various model specifications including different explanatory variables are tested to investigate the geographical distribution of unemployment in the 103 provinces of Italy for the years 1998 and 2003. The results suggest that there is a clear explanation of unemployment differentials in terms of spatial equilibrium and disequilibriu…

Comparing RADseq and microsatellites for estimating genetic diversity and relatedness : Implications for brown trout conservation

2019

The conservation and management of endangered species requires information on their genetic diversity, relatedness and population structure. The main genetic markers applied for these questions are microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the latter of which remain the more resource demanding approach in most cases. Here, we compare the performance of two approaches, SNPs obtained by restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and 16 DNA microsatellite loci, for estimating genetic diversity, relatedness and genetic differentiation of three, small, geographically close wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations and a regionally used hatchery strain. The genetic di…

Testing for goodness rather than lack of fit of an X–chromosomal SNP to the Hardy-Weinberg model

2019

The problem of checking the genotype distribution obtained for some diallelic marker for compatibility with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) condition arises also for loci on the X chromosome. The possible genotypes depend on the sex of the individual in this case: for females, the genotype distribution is trinomial, as in the case of an autosomal locus, whereas a binomial proportion is observed for males. Like in genetic association studies with autosomal SNPs, interest is typically in establishing approximate compatibility of the observed genotype frequencies with HWE. This requires to replace traditional methods tailored for detecting lack of fit to the model with an equivalence test…

TAP-polymorphisms in juvenile onset psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

1996

Abstract Juvenile onset psoriasis is strongly associated with the HLA-class I genes Cw6 and B57 whereas patients with psoriatic arthritis show an increased frequency of HLA-B27. It is unclear whether additional major histocompatibility genes also increase disease susceptibility. The TAP genes (transporter associated with antigen processing) encode two membrane-spanning proteins that translocate antigenic peptides from the cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum. Comparison of 60 patients with juvenile onset psoriasis, 63 psoriatic arthritis patients, and 101 caucasoid controls revealed an increase of the TAP1 ∗ 0101 allele in the psoriasis group, that could not be explained by linkage to o…

L'ouverture de la Chine et ses impacts sur l'économie chinoise

2012

In the early 1980s, Chinese government has adopted an opening up policy in order to attract capital, skills and modern advanced technology that are necessary for the economic development of China. Indeed, this policy has already borne fruit. China, that was almost self-sufficient until the 1980s, has now become the largest exporter and the second largest recipient of foreign direct investment in the world. Until now, most of the research on the economic opening up policy of China, however, has concentrated on the demonstration of the positive effects of exports and FDI inflows on the domestic economy of China. In this thesis, based on the analysis of economics of production, we study the re…

How Parallel Markets Fueled Chronic Shortage in the Soviet Official Sector

1999

The paper presents a disequilibrium model of a pre-transition centrally planned economy, with explicit description of labour supply to the official sector, as well as illegal economic activities. Under weak assumptions, raising official prices for deficit goods leads to even higher inflation in the shadow sector and increases the labour supply to the official sector. However, aggregate supply does not grow as much as income, and (flow) excess demand in the official sector goes up, while excess demand in the aggregate market remains positive. Simulation results suggest that our assumptions and conclusions are consistent with estimates of monetary overhang obtained (in a different way) by oth…

Understanding the shortcomings of commodity-based technology in input-output models: an economic-circuit approach

2004

International audience; The Make-Use Model serves as a basis for most national accounting systems as the System of National Accounts (SNA) and is acknowledged as the most suitable model for interregional analysis. Two hypotheses are traditionally made featuring either industry-based technologies (IBT) or commodity-based technologies (CBT). While industry-based technologies can be easily interpreted in terms of a demand-driven economic circuit, it will be shown that: (1) commodity-based technologies cannot be interpreted as a demand-driven economic circuit because this involves computing the inverse of a matrix (the matrix of industry output proportions), which is either impossible or genera…