Search results for "DOP"
showing 10 items of 4870 documents
Landscape composition and farming practices affect the abundance of the codling moth and its predation and parasitism in apple orchards
2016
National audience; There is increasing recognition that landscape management could contribute to sustainable pest control. However, while many studies indicate that the proportion of semi-natural habitat over the landscape correlates positively with the abundance and diversity of natural enemies in elds, results are more equivocal concerning the reduction of pest abundance. This last result is possibly due to the diversity of land-use intensity in the landscapes. In the present studies, we assessed whether amount of semi-natural habitat and pesticide use at both local and landscape scales a ected the abundance of codling moth (Cydia pomonella, lepidoptera), its parasitism and predation of s…
Identification et caractérisation de candidats d'origine naturelle à action herbicide pour contrôler les adventices
2016
Les produits phytopharmaceutiques (ou pesticides) utilisés aujourd'hui en agriculture sont pointés du doigt pour leurs impacts potentiels sur l’environnement et les écosystèmes et pour les risques qu’ils sont susceptibles d’engendrer pour la santé animale et humaine (Inserm, 2013). Les objectifs majeurs de la thèse sont d’isoler et identifier des microorganismes pathogènes des adventices, et d’acquérir des connaissances sur les mécanismes de l'interaction plante adventicemicroorganismes dans le cadre du développement de bioherbicides pour contrôler les adventices. Outre une analyse bibliographique sur l'état des connaissances relatif aux interactions adventicesmicroorganismes, le travail de…
Effect of an adjunctive first-line intravitreal betamethasone injection in postoperative endophthalmitis
2014
International audience
Monounsaturated fatly acid metabolism and colon cancer cells proliferation : role of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and effect of conjugated linoleic acid…
2012
Cancer cells adapt their metabolism in response to signals from the microenvironment and proliferation. Thus, MonoUnsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) synthesis is increased in colon cancer cells, and associated with increased Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) activity, the rate limiting enzyme of MUFA biosynthesis. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA), as isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), exert inhibitor activity on SCD-1 and have anti-cancer properties, but their mechanisms are not yet clear. In this context, the aim of this work was first to evaluate the role of SCD-1 in the proliferation of colon cancer cells (CCC) and to define the underlying mechanisms. In a second time, we provide new inf…
Acute Postcataract Surgery Endophthalmitis Due to Streptococcus Species Differs From Endophthalmitis Due to Staphylococcus Species at Presentation
2009
Purpose: : To correlate the presenting clinical ophthalmic features with the bacterial identification in 100 patients with acute post catarcat endophthalmitis enrolled in the FRench Instutionnal ENdophthalmitis Study (FRIENDS).Methods: : Demographic data, past medical history and initial eye examination were recorded in a standardized form in 100 patients with acute endophthalmitis after cataract extraction (< 6 weeks) in a prospective multicenter study. Relationship between microbiological identification (using conventional cultures and panbacterial PCR) and clinical factors at baseline was studied using univariate (ANOVA).Results: : 100 patients were hospitalized for endophthalmitis treat…
Factors of good visual outcome in acute post-cataract endophthalmitis (friends group)
2009
International audience; Purpose: To analyze initial clinical factors of good visual outcome in patients with acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Methods: A prospective study was performed in 4 University hospital (Dijon, Grenoble, Lyon, Saint-Etienne, FRIENDS group) on 100 patients with acute post-cataract endophthalmitis. Factors related to cataract surgery (complications), the initial presentation and the microbiological identification were analyzed according to the final visual outcome using univariate and multivariate analysis (SPSS 12.0). Results: 46% out of the patients had a final visual acuity less than or equal to 0.3 logMar (good visual outcome) at 6 months while 10%…
The multiple facets of Cajal-Retzius neurons.
2021
ABSTRACTCajal-Retzius neurons (CRs) are among the first-born neurons in the developing cortex of reptiles, birds and mammals, including humans. The peculiarity of CRs lies in the fact they are initially embedded into the immature neuronal network before being almost completely eliminated by cell death at the end of cortical development. CRs are best known for controlling the migration of glutamatergic neurons and the formation of cortical layers through the secretion of the glycoprotein reelin. However, they have been shown to play numerous additional key roles at many steps of cortical development, spanning from patterning and sizing functional areas to synaptogenesis. The use of genetic l…
Characterization and role of nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis thaliana defense responses induced by oligogalacturonides
2011
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide range of plant processes from development toenvironmental adaptation. In this study, NO production and its effects were investigated in aplant-pathogen context. The production of NO following Arabidopsis treatment witholigogalacturonides (OGs), an endogenous elicitor of plant defense, was assessed using the NOsensitive probe 4, 5-diamino fluorescein diacetate. Pharmacological and genetic approaches wereused to analyze NO enzymatic sources and its role in the Arabidopsis thaliana /Botrytis cinereainteraction. We showed that NO production involves both a L-arginine- and a nitrate reductase(NR)-pathways. OGs-induced NO production was Ca2+-dependent and modula…
Cellular metabolic alteration : the voice of monoinsaturated fatty acid as therapeutic target
2010
Stearoyl Co-A desaturase (SCD) is the key enzyme of the metabolism of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Its activity 9 desaturase introduces a double bond cis in position 9 of saturated fatty acids (SFA), induced formation of MUFA. Impaired biosynthesis of MUFA is involved in many diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Cancer cells have a de novo synthesis of fatty acids increased with an accumulation MUFA. This change in the metabolism of fatty acids is associated with overexpression SCD1 which catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fat. Several reports have shown that inhibition of SCD1 leads to blockage of proliferation and induction of apopt…
Des canaux Ioniques de la membrane plasmique lors de la mort cellulaire programmée induite par l’ozone chez A. thaliana
2011
Tropospheric ozone is a major secondary pollutant. In addition to its role in greenhouse effect gas, ozone is one of the most toxic air pollutants, and its pollution affects both human health and crop productivity. The work presented in this thesis concerns the role of ion channels in the plasma membrane in response to acute exposure to ozone and their interactions with signaling events leading to O3-induced PCD in A. Thaliana cultured cells. We have shown that cell death was genetically controlled and characterized by cell shrinkage similar to the mechanism of "Apoptosis Volume Decrease" (AVD) described in animal. This process is initially promoted by an early activation of a plasma membra…