Search results for "Deviance"
showing 10 items of 63 documents
A graphical model selection tool for mixed models
2017
Model selection can be defined as the task of estimating the performance of different models in order to choose the most parsimonious one, among a potentially very large set of candidate statistical models. We propose a graphical representation to be considered as an extension to the class of mixed models of the deviance plot proposed in the literature within the framework of classical and generalized linear models. This graphical representation allows, once a reduced number of models have been selected, to identify important covariates focusing only on the fixed effects component, assuming the random part properly specified. Nevertheless, we suggest also a standalone figure representing th…
Primer on the Contribution of Crime Scene Behavior to the Forensic Assessment of Sexual Offenders
2018
Abstract. Over the last decades several attempts in developing incrementally valid risk indicators above and beyond standard actuarial and dynamic risk assessment instruments have been undertaken without much success. The current review will summarize current developments regarding the validity of detailed crime scene analysis for forensic assessments of sexual offenders. To this end, this overview will focus on two issues: First, we will discuss the issue of sexual offender risk assessment based on crime scene information. Second, we will outline how crime scene behavior contributes to the assessment of sexual interest in children. In each section we will introduce the reader to new appro…
Association of parental communication deviance with offspring's psychiatric and thought disorders. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2013
AbstractElevated number of parental Communication Deviance (CD) has been connected with psychiatric and thought disorders in their offspring. However, no earlier systematic efforts have been made to review this issue. The aim of this study was to survey the existing literature systematically and perform a meta-analysis of this association. A literature search for published and unpublished observational studies on the association of parental Communication Deviance with psychopathology in the offspring was conducted. Multiple electronic databases were searched (from 1960 to 2012) and the reference lists of the resulting publications were scanned. The findings were pooled using random effect m…
The attentional blink demonstrates automatic deviance processing in vision.
2011
Rare deviations in serial visual stimulation are accompanied by an occipital N2 in the event-related potential [the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN)]. Recent research suggests that the vMMN reflects automatic processing of information on the sensory level as a basis for change detection. To directly test the hypothesis that the vMMN is independent from attention, a rapid-serial-visual-presentation paradigm was applied: Either 300 ms or 700 ms after the presentation of a target (T1) a rare position change was embedded in the stimulation which elicited a vMMN. In another condition participants had to detect a second target (T2) after T1: Importantly, within 300 ms after T1, T2 detection was …
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study.
2011
With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention …
Meaningful physical changes mediate lexical-semantic integration: top-down and form-based bottom-up information sources interact in the N400
2011
Models of how the human brain reconstructs an intended meaning from a linguistic input often draw upon the N400 event-related potential (ERP) component as evidence. Current accounts of the N400 emphasise either the role of contextually induced lexical preactivation of a critical word (Lau, Phillips,& Poeppel, 2008) or the ease of integration into the overall discourse context including a wide variety of influencing factors (Hagoort & van Berkum, 2007). The present ERP study challenges both types of accounts by demonstrating a contextually independent and purely form-based bottom-up influence on the N400: the N400 effect for implausible sentence-endings was attenuated when the critical sente…
Stability in MMPI among adoptees with high and low genetic risk for schizophrenia and with low Communication Deviance of their adoptive parents.
2013
Abstract Stability has been considered an important aspect of vulnerability to schizophrenia. The temporal stability of the scales in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was examined, using adoptees from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. Adoptees who were high-risk (HR) offspring of biological mothers having a schizophrenia spectrum disorder ( n =28) and low-risk (LR) controls ( n =46) were evaluated using 15 MMPI scales at the initial assessment (HR, mean age 24 years; LR, mean age 23 years) and at the follow-up assessment after a mean interval of 11 years. Stability of the MMPI scales was also assessed in the groups of adoptees, assigned according to t…
Interaction of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia and Communication Deviance of adoptive parents associated with MMPI schizophrenia vulnerability…
2008
The aim of this study was to establish possible genotype-environment interaction in high-risk and low-risk adoptees' vulnerability to schizophrenia. The study population consisted of a subgroup of 41 adoptive families with a high genetic risk adoptee and 58 families with a low genetic risk adoptee from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. Communication style was assessed based on the Communication Deviance (CD) of the adoptive parents, and the adoptees' vulnerability indicators were measured with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Taken separately, only the genetic liability to schizophrenia, but not the communication style of the adoptive parents, was si…
Extraordinarily White: The De/Spectacularization of the Albinotic Body and the Normalization of Its Audience
2018
This chapter discusses three cultural institutions–freak show, art photography and fashion modelling–and the respective figures they produced by presenting albinotic bodies. How are bodily deviance and norm negotiated in these cases of structured seeing? Spectacularizing the ‘albino freak’ as a categorical in-between phenomenon, the freak show drew a sharp distinction between the extraordinary figure on stage and its audience while bestowing the latter with normality. On the other hand, Rick Guidotti’s photographic activism invoking ‘positive exposure’ personalizes albinotic subjects and thus partly breaks down the differentiation between deviant other and normal spectator. Finally, in the …
Aggressivität, Assertivität und sexuelle Devianz: Eine empirisch-quantitative Prüfung der Stoller’schen Perversionstheorie
2022
Aggressiveness, assertiveness, and sexual deviance: An empirical-quantitative examination of Stoller's perversion theoryObjectives: The main aim of the present study was to empirically examinate the psychodynamic-founded perversion theory of Robert D. Stoller (1979), particularly his assumption of a transformation of aggressive impulses into sexual deviant fantasies due to traumatic experiences. Methods: In the present study different aspects of the theory were examined by using a sample (N = 954) of individuals convicted of sexually motivated offenses who had been clinically and forensically assessed between 2002 and 2018 at the Federal Evaluation Centre for Violent and Sexual Offenders (F…