Search results for "Dextran Sulfate"
showing 8 items of 38 documents
Oleuropein protects against dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis in mice.
2013
The anti-inflammatory effect of oleuropein (1), the major phenolic secoiridoid in Olea europaea, was evaluated in an experimental model of chronic colitis in mice. Animals were exposed to four repeated cycles of dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water followed by a 7-day rest period. Animals receiving a standard diet supplemented with 0.25% of 1 (equivalent to 500 mg/kg/day) for 56 days exhibited a decrease of inflammatory symptoms, as reflected by improvement of disease activity index and histopathological changes. It was found that 1 decreased inflammatory cell recruitment and the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 with increased IL-10 levels in colon tissue. …
VEGF receptor signaling links inflammation and tumorigenesis in colitis-associated cancer.
2010
Inflammation drives expression of VEGFR2, which is expressed on and drives growth of tumor cells in colitis-associated cancer.
Chemically induced mouse models of intestinal inflammation
2007
Animal models of intestinal inflammation are indispensable for our understanding of the pathogenesis of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Here, we provide protocols for establishing murine 2,4,6-trinitro benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-, oxazolone- and both acute and chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis, the most widely used chemically induced models of intestinal inflammation. In the former two models, colitis is induced by intrarectal administration of the covalently reactive reagents TNBS/oxazolone, which are believed to induce a T-cell-mediated response against hapten-modified autologous proteins/luminal antigens. In …
Oral administration of taurolidine ameliorates chronic DSS colitis in mice.
2007
Taurolidine (TRD) has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of TRD in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have not been investigated. Here, we have analyzed the toxicity of TRD after oral long-term application in mice and examined the impact of oral TRD in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of experimental colitis. Female C57/BL6 mice received TRD in various concentrations (0.1% to 0.4%) for 60 days. Toxicity was evaluated by use of a disease activity index (DAI) and histological examination of major metabolic organs. Furthermore, the impact of 0.2% TRD on a chronic DSS colitis was examined by daily DAI, histological crypt damage score (CDS),…
Chemically induced mouse models of colitis.
2012
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both of which are referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that have characteristic clinical, pathological, endoscopic, and radiologic features. Knowledge about the pathogenesis of IBD has dramatically increased in recent years based in part on the use of experimental models of IBD. Although none of these models exactly mimics the human disorder, they have proven to be useful for studying many important aspects of these conditions. Detailed in this unit is a description of the most commonly used chemically induced mouse models of IBD. These include trinitrobenzene sulfo…
Studies on the mechanism of PMN activation II. by triggering the alternative pathway of complement activation
1982
By means of cobra venom factor (CVF) it is demonstrated that the stimulation of hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMPS) of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by zymosan (Z) and dextran sulfate (DS) is caused by at least two modes of activation: (a) via activation caused by phagocytosis, (b) via activated alternative pathway of complement activation (APC). Active factors of APC presented with phagocytizable objects strongly enhance activation of PMN. The effect of APC can be observed in serum-containing as well as in serum-free cultures. It can be demonstrated that in serum-free cultures the factors of APC participating in the activation of PMN are supplied by monocytes. By the use of synthet…
In vivo imaging of colitis and colon cancer development in mice using high resolution chromoendoscopy
2005
Background: Mouse models of colitis and cancer are indispensable for our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. In the past, mice had to be sacrificed in order to analyse colitis activity and tumour development. We have developed a safe method for high resolution endoscopic monitoring of living mice. Methods: Mice developing colitis or colonic tumours were anaesthetised using avertine and repeatedly examined by endoscopy. A novel miniendoscope (1.9 mm outer diameter), denoted Coloview, was introduced via the anus and the colon was carefully insufflated with an air pump before analysis of the colonic mucosa. An extra working channel allowed the introduction of biopsy forceps or…
Genetic Deletion of JNK1 and JNK2 Aggravates the DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
2007
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are considered as novel targets for therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the relevant JNK isoforms have to be elucidated. Here, we analyze the individual contribution of the JNK1 and JNK2 isoforms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of experimental colitis. JNK1 and JNK2 knockout mice (JNK1 ko, JNK2 ko) and their wild-type controls (WT1, WT2) received three cycles of DSS treatment, each consisting of 1.7% DSS for 5 days, followed by 5 days with water. Animals were daily evaluated by a disease activity index (DAI) comprising measurement of body weight, estimation of stool consistency, and test for occult blood/gross rectal bleeding. A…