Search results for "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"
showing 10 items of 68 documents
Differentiating moderate and severe depression using the Montgomery–Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS)
2003
MADRS cut-off scores for moderate and severe depression were estimated in relation to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD(17)) and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI).HAMD(17), MADRS, and CGI ratings from patients with major depression (DSM-IV) were analyzed (N=85). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were applied.Mean age was 51.4+/-14.5 years, 69% were female. Mean MADRS scores were 23.4+/-13.2, HAMD(17), MADRS, and CGI scores were highly correlated (r0.85; P0.0001). Best separation between moderate and severe depression according to CGI criteria was achieved with a MADRS score of 31 (sensitivity 93.5%, specificity 83.3%).Studies to validate severity gradations …
Depression during an acute episode of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder and its impact on treatment response
2008
The aim of the present study was to examine the relevance of depressive symptoms during an acute schizophrenic episode for the prediction of treatment response. Two hundred inpatients who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorders were assessed at hospital admission and after 6 weeks of inpatient treatment using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Depressive symptoms showed positive correlations with both positive and negative symptoms at admission and after 6 weeks, and decreased during 6 weeks of treatment. Pronounced depressive symptoms (HAM-D score> or =16) were found in 28% of the sample a…
A possible association between the CCK-AR gene and persistent auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.
2004
AbstractRecent studies have suggested that DNA variations in the CCK-AR gene might predispose individuals to schizophrenia and particularly to auditory hallucinations (AH). The aim of this study is to assess the association between AH, using a specific scale for AH in schizophrenia (PSYRATS), and the CCK-AR polymorphism at 779 in a Spanish sample. A total of 105 DSM-IV schizophrenic patients with AH and 93 unrelated controls were studied. Twenty-two patients were considered as persistent auditory hallucinators, which showed similar clinical and demographic characteristic than patients with episodic AH, but with the exception of the PSYRATS values. The persistent AH group showed an excess of…
Time course of antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia: Results from a naturalistic study in 280 patients
2010
To describe the course of positive and negative symptoms during inpatient treatment and examine remission and response rates under routine clinical care conditions.Two hundred and eighty inpatients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV criteria) were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at admission and at biweekly intervals until discharge from hospital. Remission was defined according to the symptom-severity component of the consensus criteria (Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group) as a rating of three or less in the relevant PANSS items at discharge, and response as a reduction of at least 20% in the PANSS total score from admission to discharge.The mean duration of in…
Influencing factors and predictors of early improvement in the acute treatment of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
2011
Abstract Background To examine the influencing factors and predictors of early improvement in schizophrenia patients. Methods 370 patients suffering from a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were examined within a naturalistic multicenter study. Early improvement was defined as a ≥30% PANSS total score reduction within the first two treatment weeks, response as a ≥50% improvement of the PANSS total score from admission to discharge and remission according to the consensus remission criteria. Baseline and course-related variables such as positive, negative and depressive symptoms, side effects, functioning and subjective well-being were examined regarding their explanatory value for early impro…
Corpus callosum area in patients with bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features: an international multicentre study
2015
Background Previous studies have reported MRI abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), although only a few studies have directly compared callosal areas in psychotic versus nonpsychotic patients with this disorder. We sought to compare regional callosal areas in a large international multicentre sample of patients with BD and healthy controls. Methods We analyzed anatomic T-1 MRI data of patients with BD-I and healthy controls recruited from 4 sites (France, Germany, Ireland and the United States). We obtained the mid-sagittal areas of 7 CC subregions using an automatic CC delineation. Differences in regional callosal areas between patients and contr…
Predictive signs and indicators of aggressiveness and violence: a comparison between a group of adolescents attending an external penal area, a group…
2006
Aim. We considered the spreading and the increasing of aggressive and violent behaviours. The most of them have two common roots: lack of actual motivation and brutality. Our research intends to detect specific indicators and predictive signs of violent and aggressive behaviours. In order to this, scientific literature shows that the most reliable indicators and predictive signs are linked to structural personality features (e.g. defensive strategies, impulse control). Methods. This cross sectional study compares a group of 26 male adolescents with Conduct Disorder (F91.8), a group of 29 male patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (F60.31) and a group of 33 male prisoners with Antiso…
Chernobyl exposure as stressor during pregnancy and behaviour in adolescent offspring.
2007
Objective: Research in animals has shown that exposure to stressors during pregnancy is associated with offspring behavioural disorders. We aimed to study the effect of in utero exposure to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, and maternal anxiety presumably associated with that exposure, on behaviour disorder observed at age 14. Method: Exposed (n = 232) and non-exposed Finnish twins (n = 572) were compared. A semi-structured interview was used to assess lifetime symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms. Results: Adolescents who were exposed from the second trimester in pregnancy o…
Empirically Determined, Psychopathological Subtypes in Children With ADHD
2013
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to empirically determine subgroups of ADHD defined by specific patterns of psychopathology. METHOD: A clinical sample of 223 children with ADHD, aged 5 to 14 years, was examined with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). In addition, comorbid psychiatric disorders, psychosocial risk factors, and socioeconomic status were assessed. RESULTS: Cluster analysis of CBCL subscales yielded a solution with four distinct subgroups. While "externalizers" showed a high rate of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD), "obsessive-compulsives" exhibited thought problems, low rates of comorbid CD, and high symptoms of inattention. "High psy…
Working towards an international consensus on criteria for assessing internet gaming disorder: a critical commentary on Petry et al. (2014).
2016
This commentary paper critically discusses the recent debate paper by Petry et al. (2014) that argued there was now an international consensus for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). Our collective opinions vary considerably regarding many different aspects of online gaming. However, we contend that the paper by Petry and colleagues does not provide a true and representative international community of researchers in this area. This paper critically discusses and provides commentary on (i) the representativeness of the international group that wrote the ‘consensus’ paper, and (ii) each of the IGD criteria. The paper also includes a brief discussion on initiatives that could be taken to…