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Association Between Physical Activity and Odds of Chronic Conditions Among Workers in Spain
2020
Introduction:\ud \ud Prevention of chronic conditions is a major public health challenge, and achieving minimum recommended levels of physical activity aids in reaching this objective. The aim of our study was to investigate whether levels of physical activity were associated with the prevalence of common chronic conditions among the Spanish workforce.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud We retrieved data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 (N = 9,695) in which the mean age of participants was 44.4 (standard deviation, 10.4 y), and 47.4% were women. Workers self-reported a set of 6 chronic conditions (ie, chronic low-back pain, chronic neck pain, diabetes, hypertension, depression, and anxiety)…
Causal symptom attributions in somatoform disorder and chronic pain.
2009
Abstract Objective Somatoform disorders (SFD) are defined by symptoms that lack medical explanation. This study examined the type and pattern of patients' causal attributions using a new semistructured interview technique Methods The Causal Attributions Interview allows to assess and weigh 15 common explanations of physical symptoms. Attributions given by 79 patients with SFD were compared with those obtained from 187 chronic pain patients. Results The test–retest reliabilities of the interview-elicited attributions were satisfactory to good. SFD patients attributed most of their symptoms to mental/emotional problems (46.9%) and somatic disease (41.1%), while the pain sample preferred physi…
Assessing audiological, pathophysiological and psychological variables in tinnitus patients with or without hearing loss
2010
The aim of this work is to study the characteristics of tinnitus both in normal hearing subjects and in patients with hearing loss. The study considered tinnitus sufferers, ranging from 21 to 83 years of age, who were referred to the Audiology Section of Palermo University in the years 2006–2008. The following parameters were considered: age, sex, hearing threshold, tinnitus laterality, tinnitus duration, tinnitus measurements and subjective disturbance caused by tinnitus. The sample was divided into Group1 (G1), 115 subjects with normal hearing, and Group2 (G2), 197 subjects with hearing loss. Especially for G2, there was a predominance of males compared to females (P = 0.011); the highest…
Linear and nonlinear heart rate dynamics in elderly inpatients. Relations with comorbidity and depression
2010
Background. Hospitalization processes are known to increase depressive symptoms arising among elderly population. Meanwhile, dysregulation of cardiac autonomic function has been suggested to link depression and cardiovascular mortality. In this context, analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is emerging as a powerful mortality risk stratifier clinical tool. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship among HRV, depression, and comorbidity risk among an elderly inpatient population. Material and methods. Twenty-six subjects (aged 78±9 years) were recruited from the Short- Term Stay Unit at the Hospital General de Alicante. Before joining a Physical Activity Program aimed to pr…
Diagnosis of culture-negative endocarditis: The role of the Duke criteria and the impact of transesophageal echocardiography
2001
Abstract Background The Duke criteria have been shown to be more sensitive than the von Reyn criteria in the diagnosis of culture-positive endocarditis but to date have not been fully validated for culture-negative endocarditis (CNE). The aim of this study was (1) to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Duke criteria versus clinical judgment and the von Reyn criteria in CNE and (2) to assess the diagnostic impact of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) on the Duke criteria in CNE. Methods The study group consisted of 49 patients with suspected CNE in whom the presence (n = 32) or absence (n = 17) of endocarditis was confirmed by surgery, autopsy, or both. All patients underwent transtho…
Computerized brain tomography measures compared with spontaneous and suppressed plasma cortisol levels in major depression.
1989
We determined brain density and ventricular measurements with computerized tomography (CT) in 33 depressed patients and compared the results with basal plasma cortisol and its suppressibility by dexamethasone. Mean plasma cortisol was positively related to elevated ventricular brain ratio (VBR). No association could be found between dexamethasone suppression test (DST) status and VBR or any other CT parameter. Elevated plasma cortisol levels and increased VBRs were positively correlated with total scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Global Assessment Scale and the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale, but they were not significantly correlated with total score on the Hamilton Anxi…
Multisteroid analysis after DST in depressed patients — A controlled study
1986
Abstract 111 consecutively admitted in-patients with a depressive syndrome received a dexamethasone suppresion test (DST) after all known factors which might confound the test results had been carefully excluded. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, corticosterone and dexamethasone were compared with several diagnostic evaluations (RDC, DSM-III, ICD-9) in a controlled study. The positive predictive value of nonsuppressed corticosteroid levels was only moderate for each diagnostic category. Diagnostic specificities were 84.6% for major depression, endogenous subtype (RDC), 71.2% for melancholia (DSM-III) and 86.8% for endogenous depression (IDC-9) when using a post-DST cortisol value above 50 …
The cortisol awakening response at admission to hospital predicts depression severity after discharge in MDD patients.
2019
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) dysregulation and altered cortisol awakening response (CAR), a non-invasive biomarker for HPA axis reactivity. We theorized that the CAR resembles the accumulated effects of depression over time, and may therefore predict depressive symptom severity once patients return home following inpatient treatment. Two studies are reported. In Study 1 (n = 101; 57% female), the CAR was measured at intake and self-ratings of depression severity was assessed six weeks following discharge. Study 2 (n = 127; 58% female) was a replication and extension of Study 1 where a follow-up assessment of self-rated depressi…
Heparin-induced priapism
2001
Heparin-induced priapism constitutes a special form of pharmaco-induced prolonged erection, but the pathophysiological principles are not yet definitely clear. Heparin-induced antiplatelet-antibodies may lead to the aggregation of thrombocytes and thus alter the penile blood flow leading to low-flow priapism. Alternatively, this condition may be explained by initial high-flow priapism that later turns into ischemic priapism. The question remains whether hemorrhage with subsequent organisation of the hematoma and late fibrosis constitutes a pathogenetic factor. Besides this pathogenetic discussion, this paper presents the differential diagnosis of priapism as well as diagnostic and therapeut…
Depression: Point-prevalence and sociodemographic correlates in a Buenos Aires community sample
2011
Abstract Background Since the current epidemiology of depression is not well documented in Latin America, we conducted a community-based survey study in Argentina. Methods The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a general health questionnaire were completed by 1335 adult participants, representing most of the neighborhoods of Buenos Aires. Results Prevalence of high total BDI scores (≥ 13) indicating probable current clinically significant depression was 20.0% (women: 20.6%; men: 19.6%). Probable depression was associated with being unmarried and older, less educated, reporting recent stressors and significant medical illness. Limitations Sampling was cross-sectional and by convenience; pro…