Search results for "Differentiation"

Structural and Functional Characterization of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and Emphysema Using 3He- MRI: Comparison with CT and Pulmonary Functio…

2005

mor types. For these reasons, Matrigel impregnated with angiogenic hormone, basic-Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), in a mouse model has been extensively used in fundamental angiogenesis research to induce endothelial cell differentiation and successfully allow the study of different phases of the angiogenesis process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) to provide data allowing the quantification of the angiogenic process, using the Matrigel model.

Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Paracrine Signals Potentiate Human Liver Organoid Differentiation: Translational Implications for Liver …

2021

The prevalence of end-stage liver diseases has reached very high levels globally. The election treatment for affected patients is orthotopic liver transplantation, which is a very complex procedure, and due to the limited number of suitable organ donors, considerable research is being done on alternative therapeutic options. For instance, the use of cell therapy, such as the transplantation of hepatocytes to promote liver repair/regeneration, has been explored, but standardized protocols to produce suitable human hepatocytes are still limited. On the other hand, liver progenitor and multipotent stem cells offer potential cell sources that could be used clinically. Different studies have rep…

Protein differences among the Mediterranean species of the genus Spicara.

1996

Protein electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to study the three morphologically different species of Spicara (S. flexuosa, S. maena, S. smaris). Of the 28 enzymatic and additional myogenic loci, five monomorphic loci (LDH-1*, G6PD-1*, PGI-1* and two PMMs*) were species-specific markers of S. smaris with respect to S. flexuosa and S. maena. Four of the 28 enzymatic loci were polymorphic (EST-1*, GLDH*, PEPD*, PGI-2*). Discriminating genetic markers were not identified between S. flexuosa and S. maena. Genetic distance (D) as calculated by Nei’s index (1978), between S. smaris v. S. maena and S. flexuosa showed a value, respectively of D=0·137 and 0·141. Between S. flexuosa and S. maena the value …

Skewed Differentiation of Circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocytes in Melanoma and Impact on Clinical Outcome

2016

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate over time circulating γδ T lymphocytes in melanoma patients in terms of frequency, effector functions, and relationship with clinical stage and evolution, by comparing preoperative values to those obtained at a mean follow-up of 36 months or in the event of recurrence or disease progression, and to those of healthy controls. Also, we correlated the presence of tumor-infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes with clinical evolution of melanoma. RESULTS:Mean frequencies of circulating γδ T cells before and after melanoma removal were very similar and comparable to healthy subjects, but patients who progressed to stage III or IV showed a significantly decrea…

Ultrastructure of differentiating hemocytes in the embryo of Oncopeltus fasciatus dallas (insecta, heteroptera).

1978

The hemocytes of Oncopeltus differentiate rather early during embryogenesis. They are segregated by the mesoderm soon after its formation (about 50h after egg deposition). Newly segregated hemocytes show the “typical” features of “embryonic” cells: many free ribosomes, a few strands of rough ER, the cisternae of which are considerably distended, electron lucent vacuoles around the periphery, and glycogen deposits. A few hours thereafter the hemocytes undergo striking subcellular changes. First, glycogen, electron lucent vacuoles and rough ER disappear and phagocytotic activity can be observed. Golgi complexes become well expressed and give rise to electron dense vesicles which fuse to large…

Quantitative analysis of cellular differentiation during early embryogenesis ofPlatynereis dumerilii.

1990

As in many spiralian embryos with unequal cleavage, cleavage inPlatynereis follows an invariant pattern. Preceding each cleavage the cytoplasm is reorganized, allowing the spiral cleavage mode to produce cells with different cytoplasmic composition. The fertilized egg undergoes a dramatic ooplasmic segregation after the completion of the cortical reaction. As a consequence, a plug of clear cytoplasm becomes located at the animal pole. Once the four quadrants of the embryo have been established, the cleavage sequence of the D quadrant differs clearly from that of the other three quadrants. The results presented here suggest that differential distribution of the clear cytoplasm governs this s…

2015

Myelin basic proteins (MBP) are major constituents of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the CNS Mbp translation occurs locally at the axon-glial contact site in a neuronal activity-dependent manner. Recently we identified the small non-coding RNA 715 (sncRNA715) as a key inhibitor of Mbp translation during transport in oligodendrocytes. Mbp mRNA localization in Schwann cells has been observed, but has not been investigated in much detail. Here we could confirm translational repression of Mbp mRNA in Schwann cells. We show that sncRNA715 is expressed and its levels correlate inversely with MBP in cultured Schwann cells and in th…

Gamma enolase expression as early marker of neuronal differentiation of murine neuroblastoma cells N-115

2012

In this study we determined the levels of gamma enolase mRNA in mouse neuroblastoma cell line N-115 at early period of induction of differentiation by serum withdrawal. The expression of gamma enolase was examined by Northern blot analysis of total RNA extracted from cells induced for different lengths of time. We found a 3-fold increase in the level of gamma enolase mRNA after 24 hours of induction of differentiation and higher levels were detected in cells induced for longer time, reaching a 10-fold increase after four days.

Fas signaling-mediated T

2018

Fas induces apoptosis in activated T cell to maintain immune homeostasis, but the effects of non-apoptotic Fas signaling on T cells remain unclear. Here we show that Fas promotes TH9 cell differentiation by activating NF-κB via Ca2+-dependent PKC-β activation. In addition, PKC-β also phosphorylates p38 to inactivate NFAT1 and reduce NFAT1-NF-κB synergy to promote the Fas-induced TH9 transcription program. Fas ligation exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease by increasing TH9 cell differentiation, and promotes antitumor activity in p38 inhibitor-treated TH9 cells. Furthermore, low-dose p38 inhibitor suppresses tumor growth without inducing systemic adverse effects. In patients with tumor, rel…

T-bet as a possible therapeutic target in autoimmune disease

2002

The prominent role of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by T helper-1 (T(H1)) cells in regulating autoimmune responses in vitro and in vivo has been demonstrated. Recent observations of T cell polarisation by regulatory transcription factors--especially T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells)--raise the question of their influence in controlling autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors summarise recent observations of the role of T-bet in controlling chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and discuss the implications of these findings for future therapeutic approaches.