Search results for "Digest"
showing 10 items of 3038 documents
Contrasting responses of Kupffer cells and inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes to biliary obstruction in a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury.
2012
Background Biliary obstruction and cholestasis are serious complications of many liver diseases. Although resident hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) are frequently implicated in disease progression, most studies fail to differentiate the contribution of Kupffer cells and inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes (iMNPs) that infiltrate the liver subsequent to obstruction. Aim This study was undertaken to examine the roles and potential interactions of these two disparate mononuclear phagocyte populations in hepatic injury attending cholestasis. Methods Female, C57Bl/6 mice were injected with magnetic beads on day 3 prior to sham operation or bile duct ligation (BDL) to facilitate subsequent Kup…
Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer: Time to Stop Hiding!
2011
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgery constitutes the primary therapy for these tumors, together with chemotherapy that is usually recommended in patients with metastatic primary CRC. Although molecularly distinct entities arising from different physiopathogenic mechanisms - microsatellite (MSI) and chromosomal instability (also called microsatellite stable, MSS) - have been characterized in CRC, there is still no specific therapeutic approach that takes into account disease’s molecular heterogeneity [1]. MSI is observed in 1015% of sporadic CRCs. MSI CRCs displayed particular morphologic features, with greater predilection for the right colo…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Nonhepatocellular Malignancies in Chronic Liver Disease.
2021
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy associated with chronic liver disease. Nonhepatocellular malignancies may also arise in the setting of chronic liver disease. The imaging diagnosis of non-HCC malignancies may be challenging. Non-HCC malignancies in patients with chronic liver disease most commonly include intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, and less commonly hepatic lymphomas and metastases. On MR imaging, non-HCC malignancies often demonstrate a targetoid appearance, manifesting as rim arterial phase hyperenhancement, peripheral washout, central delayed enhancement, and peripheral restricted diffusion. When apply…
Animal models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: of mice and man.
2010
The epidemic occurrence of obesity has led to a rapid increase in the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in industrial countries. The disease spectrum includes hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation with steatohepatitis (NASH) and varying degrees of liver fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma can develop in patients with NASH, even in the absence of cirrhosis. The majority of patients with primary NASH exhibit risk factors that define the metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance and visceral obesity. However, only a minority of patients with NAFLD progress to end-stage liver disease and, so far, predictors to identify these patients …
Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, CD54) in colonic epithelial cells.
1993
The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) was examined in 16 surgically removed colonic tumours and two colonic carcinoma cell lines. Immunohistochemistry showed a varying percentage of ICAM-1 positive colonic carcinoma cells in 9/16 tissue specimens, while normal colonic tissue (apart from a slight reactivity of endothelial cells) was not stained. The presence of the ICAM-1 molecule on the cell surface and the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA were investigated for two colonic carcinoma cell lines. It was possible to enhance the expression of ICAM-1 considerably by incubating the cells in the presence of inflammatory cytokines in HT-29 and CaCo-2 cells. The responsiveness …
Metastatic seeding of colon adenocarcinoma manifesting as synchronous breast and chest wall localization: report of a case.
2011
Colon carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the breast and it is usually associated with a poor prognosis. Even rarer is metastatic seeding of colon cancer cells in an intramammary location after surgery. Including a primary breast malignancy in the differential diagnosis of such cases is mandatory. We report a rare case of double seeding implantation of colon adenocarcinoma inside the breast parenchyma and intercostal muscles 6 years after resection of a pulmonary metastasis from colon adenocarcinoma. The metastasis was revealed by the presence of bone metaplasia in the intercostal muscles. We discuss how negative immunostaining for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HER-2, along w…
ADVANCED ENDOSCOPIC IMAGING FOR SURVEILLANCE FOR DYSPLASIA AND COLORECTAL CANCER IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: COULD THE PATHOLOGIST BE FURTHER HELP…
2014
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing intestinal cancer. The magnitude of that increased risk as well as how best to mitigate it remain a topic of ongoing investigation in the field. It is important to quantify the risk of colorectal cancer in association with IBD. The reported risk varies widely between studies. This is partly due to the different methodologies used in the studies. Because of the limitations of surveillance strategies based on the detection of dysplasia, advanced endoscopic imaging and techniques involving the detection of alterations in mucosal antigens and genetic abnormalities are being investigated. Development of new bioma…
Villin: a cytoskeletal protein and a differentiation marker expressed in some human adenocarcinomas.
1987
We studied the expression of villin, a microfilament-associated, actin-binding protein typical of brush-border microvilli, in a variety of human carcinomas by applying immunofluorescence microscopy to frozen sections and immunoblotting methods to tissue extracts using a rabbit antiserum and a monoclonal antibody specific for villin. All of the 24 primary and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinomas tested were uniformly and strongly positive for villin, with the immunocytochemical labeling concentrated at the luminal cell margin. In poorly differentiated tumor areas, rudimentary tubules were stained. All of the six tubular adenocarcinomas of the stomach studied as well as two adenocarcinomas o…
"Bull’s eye” appearance of hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease type I — atypical magnetic resonance imaging findings: T…
2021
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular adenomas are rare tumors that can occur in patients with glycogen storage disease type I. CASE SUMMARY We herein report two cases of histologically proven hepatocellular adenomas in patients with glycogen storage disease type I. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed after bolus injection of gadoxetate disodium, a liver-specific gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent. In the present cases, some of the hepatocellular adenomas showed unexpectedly a “bull’s eye” appearance on T2-weighted and post-contrast images, which was not previously described as imaging findings of hepatocellular adenomas in glycogen storage disease. A bull’s eye appearance on T2-weighted im…
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): Focus on histopathological diagnosis and biomolecular features
2007
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract that are believed to originate from a neoplastic transformation of the intestinal pacemaker cells (interstitial cells of Cajal) normally found in the bowel wall or their precursors. Although the microscopic features have been known for a long time, the defining characteristic of GIST is the presence of the cell-surface antigen CD117 (KIT), which is demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. KIT, which is a growth factor transmembrane receptor, is the product of the proto-oncogene c-kit (chromosome 4). Surgical removal remains the only curative treatment for patients with GISTs. Tumor size, mitotic index,…