Search results for "Dispar"

A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins

2018

Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The Europea…

Three essays on economic resilience and regional disparities

2017

Contribution of the Economic Crisis to the Risk Increase of Poor Mental Health in a Region of Spain

2018

Previous research suggests that the economic crisis can affect mental health. The purpose of this study was to analyse the association of risk of poor mental health with various socioeconomic, demographic, health, quality of life, and social support variables

Regional inequalities, economic crises and policies: an international panel analysis

2021

This paper examines the effects of economic downturns on regional inequalities. In a sample of 25 OECD countries for 1990–2014 period, we show that economic downturns are associated with a significant and long-lasting reduction in regional inequalities. Expansionary fiscal policy as well as higher share of the European development (cohesion) funds facilitate the response of lagging regions to negative nation-wide shocks, contributing to further stimulate the reduction in regional disparities. Additional evidence suggests that the effect of downturns tends to be larger in economies with a higher initial level of regional disparities in unemployment and human capital endowment.

Space-time analysis of GDP disparities among European regions : a Markov chains approach

2004

The purpose of this paper is to study the evolution of the disparities between 138 European regions over the 1980-1995 period. We characterize the regional per capita GDP cross-sectional distribution by means of nonparametric estimations of density functions and we model the growth process as a first-order stationary Markov chain. Spatial effects are then introduced within the Markov chain framework using regional conditioning (Quah, 1996b) and spatial Markov chains (Rey, 2001). The results of the analysis indicate the persistence of regional disparities, a progressive bias toward a poverty trap and the importance of geography to explain the convergence process.

Equity: a cornerstone in designing national education policies

2014

DT 2014-02, avril 2014; This paper aims to cover some at least of the most significant dimensions that can help document, based on a sampling of countries, the issues surrounding equity and children's right to attend school, to stay in school long enough and to receive appropriate education services to ensure access to adult life with the basic knowledge and skills that will give them a chance at a decent economic and social life. Above and beyond its quantitative observations, this analysis identifies connections with various active or passive education policies found in national education systems. Additionally,to the extent that they provide a better understanding of the situation and poi…

Les inspections primaires de l'éducation nationale : dotations, pratiques et effets sur le fonctionnement des écoles et les acquis des élèves

1997

This article analyses first the variety in the characteristics of local school inspectorates both in the quantitative (number of teachers) and in the qualitative (social background and geographic dispersion) dimensions. In relation to these, the article examines tne level of endowment (staffing and material) of the inpectorates and concludes to the lack of relationship between the resources mobilized and the needs at the local level. Then the practises of the inspectors and of their teams are described and here again a wide variety does exist across the different inspectorates in the administrative, relational and pedagogical dimensions of their activity (this variety in practices shows no …

Inequalities in mortality in small areas of eleven Spanish cities (the multicenter MEDEA project)

2009

The objectives of this study are to identify inequalities in mortality among census tracts of 11 Spanish cities in the period 1996-2003 and to analyse the relationship between these geographical inequalities and socioeconomic deprivation. It is a cross-sectional ecological study where the units of analysis are census tracts. We obtained an index of socioeconomic deprivation and estimated SMR by each census tract using hierarchical Bayesian models which take into account the spatial structure. In the majority of the cities geographical patterns in total mortality were found in both sexes, which were similar to those for the index of socioeconomic deprivation. Among men, four specific causes …

Behavioral Health Theories, Equity, and Disparities in Global Health : A Basic Process Model

2020

Lack of participation in health-promoting behaviors and participation in behaviors that contribute to health risks have been linked to health disparities observed among individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. This chapter presents a basic process model to summarize the effects of socio-structural variables linked to health disparities – socioeconomic status, education, health literacy, ethnicity, and religiosity – on individuals’ beliefs and cognitions that determine behavior. Socio-structural characteristics were proposed to have a pervasive effect on individuals’ beliefs and other constructs from social cognition theories which impact their decisions to participate in prospective heal…

Infondate le questioni di legittimità del nuovo comma 1 bis dell’art. 438 c.p.p.: la Corte sigla la conformità costituzionale della preclusione del r…

2021

La Corte costituzionale affronta il delicato tema dei rapporti tra giudizio abbreviato ed ergastolo, di recente riformato dalla legge n. 33 del 2019. Assecondando le istanze securitarie provenienti dalla collettività, il legislatore del 2019, con il nuovo comma 1 bis dell'art. 438 c.p.p., ha stabilito che è inibita la possibilità di accedere al rito premiale per gli imputati di reati puniti con la pena perpetua. Sollevate diverse questioni di legittimità costituzionale, la Corte le ha respinte, siglando la conformità a Costituzione della nuova disciplina. L'Autrice ripercorre il ragionamento dei giudici costituzionali, rilevando come, sulle questioni attinenti al merito della novum legislat…