Search results for "ECONOMIE"

Industrial organization with profit rate maximizing firms

1995

We study the impact on industrial organization of the switching of objective function, from pure profit to profit rate maximization. The output level of firm is lower at optimum. This lead to a new conception of efficiency. Cases of no coordination are considered. In perfect competition, price signal disappears; factors remain paid at their marginal productivity, but modified. In imperfect competition, reaction functions may vanish even if collusion remains possible; limit of oligopoly remains perfect competition of profit rate; the paradox of Bertrand may remain; a new concept is studied: mixed duopoly, where firms can choose and change their objective.

Les limites de la procédure d'estimation de Kmenta d'une fonction CES généralisée

1982

L' entreprise, son projet, sa gouvernance : éléments d'une vision partenariale

2015

International audience; Cet article souhaite contribuer à une théorie "gestionnaire" de la firme autour de trois questions fondamentales : la finalité de l'entreprise, sa gouvernance et son ancrage institutionnel (et ses enjeux sociétaux). Les auteurs partent du principe que l'entreprise doit être appréhendée comme une action collective. Lieu de coopération(s), la firme se comprend et s'analyse comme un (ou des) projet(s) qui fédère(ent) ses acteurs internes ou externes, ses fameuses parties prenantes. Cela implique d'adopter une perspective partenariale et cognitive en matière de gouvernance si l'on veut rendre compte convenablement de l'ensemble des mécanismes à l'oeuvre en la matière.

Entre big data et big brother

2017

Chap. 40; National audience

Un mercato d’été au ralenti dans le « Big Five »

2011

National audience

Bicausative matrices to measure structural change: Are they a good tool?

1999

The causative-matrix method to analyze temporal change assumes that a matrix transforms one Markovian transition matrix into another by a left multiplication of the first matrix; the method is demand-driven when applied to input-output economics. An extension is presented without assuming the demand-driven or supply-driven hypothesis. Starting from two flow matrices X and Y, two diagonal matrices are searched, one premultiplying and the second postmultiplying X, to obtain a result the closer as possible to Y by least squares. The paper proves that the method is deceptive because the diagonal matrices are unidentified and the interpretation of results is unclear. Keywords : Input-Output ; Ch…

Forecast Output Coincidence and Biproportion: Two Criteria to Determine the Orientation of an Economy. Comparison for France (1980-1997)

2002

International audience; The method of forecast output coincidence used to determine if sectors are demand-sided or supply-sided in an input-output framework mixes two effects, the structural effect (choosing between demand and supply side models) and the effect of an exogenous factor (final demand or added-value). The note recalls that another method is possible, the comparison of the stability of technical and allocation coefficients, generalized by the biproportional filter: if for a sector, after biproportional filtering, column coefficients are more stable than row coefficients, then this sector is declared as not supply-sided (but one cannot decide that it is demand-sided anyway), and …

The variations of technical and allocation coefficients : are they comparable really ?

1995

Two great alternative hypothesis are possible in the analysis input-output : the model may be demand-driven (Leontief) or supply-driven (Ghosh). To test the consistency of these hypotheses on the long term, this paper studies the interest of proportional filters (comparison of column or row coefficients) and the interest of the biproportional filter for the temporalcomparison of input-output matrices. An application is proposed for France between 1980 and 1993. The result is the following : in the long period, there are more sectors supply-driven than demand-driven (i.e. row coefficients are less variable than column coefficients for the majority of the sectors). (FRE) Deux grandes hypothès…

A biproportional filter to compare technical and allocation coefficient variations

1997

International audience; In input-output analysis there are two alternate possibilities between Leontief's mechanism (fixed technical coefficients) and Ghosh's mechanism (fixed allocation coefficients). Testing the long term consistency of these mechanisms entails comparing input-output matrices over time. This paper challenges the value of proportional filters (separate comparison of column and row coefficients) and introduces the biproportional filter which allows simultaneous comparison of column and rows. An application is proposed using French input-output tables for 1980 and 1993. The stability of column coefficients cannot be taken for granted and generally, for any sector, both rows …

About the criteria of output coincidence for forecasts to determine the orientation of the economy (application for France, 1980-1997)

2000

This note indicates that the method of output coincidence for forecasts used to determine if sectors are demand-driven or supply-driven in an input-output framework mixes two effects, the structural effect (choosing between demand and supply driven models) and the effect of an exogenous factor (final demand or added-value). The note recalls that another method is possible, the comparison of the stability of technical and allocation coefficients, generalized by the biproportional filter: if for a sector, after biproportional filtering, column coefficients are more stable than row coefficients, then this sector is declared as not supply-driven (but one cannot decide that it is demand-driven a…