Search results for "EES"
showing 10 items of 2276 documents
État des lieux des résistances aux herbicides en France : grandes cultures
2015
En grandes cultures, la résistance aux herbicides a d’abord concerné des inhibiteurs du photosystème 2 (triazines, groupe C), désormais interdites, ce qui a résolu le problème, puis les inhibiteurs de l’ACCase (anti-graminées : « dimes », « fops », « den ») dans les années 1990-2000. Depuis le milieu des années 2000, la résistance touche aussi les « sulfos », un terme trop restrictif qui désigne en fait les 4 familles chimiques d’inhibiteurs de l’ALS (groupe B). Cet exposé commencera par un rappel sur la classification des herbicides en fonction de leur mode d’action (groupes HRAC). Les cas publiés de résistance en France seront décrits : Ø Résistances installées : Groupes A et/ou B : Vulpi…
Les couverts végétaux. Un atout majeur pour réduire les intrants de synthèse et augmenter les services écosystémiques au vignoble
2020
International audience; De manière générale, un couvert végétal se définit par une espèce ou une communauté d’espèces végétales recouvrant le sol de manière permanente ou temporaire. L’agriculteur a la possibilité de semer ces couverts, selon un choix raisonné, ou bien de laisser la végétation spontanée se développer. Il existe 3 types de couverts semés avec des objectifs différents pour l’exploitant : le couvert hivernal, installé pour faire face au phénomène d’érosion du sol important pendant cette période de repos végétatif ; les engrais verts, installés avec l’objectif d’amender naturellement la parcelle, en détruisant et en enfouissant les résidus du couvert qui libèrent ainsi de la ma…
Dynamiques de populations en milieu hétérogène : modèles et estimation de paramètres
2017
Prod 2017-344i SPE équipe EA GESTAD INRA; National audience; Cet exposé traite de (i) la modélisation de dynamiques de populations dans des paysages hétérogènes, (ii) la modélisation des paysages eux-mêmes, (iii) l'estimation des paramètres de ces modèles à partir de données d'abondance ou de données génétiques. Nous nous concentrerons sur deux grandes classes de modèles de dynamique des populations : les modèles individu-centrés basés sur des équations différentielles stochastiques, et les modèles de réaction-diffusion. Après une introduction du lien entre ces approches, 5 illustrations issues des projets sont présentées: - modélisation de paysages hétérogènes fragmentés, via l’outil MULTI…
Guinean and sahelian rainfall anomaly indices at annual and monthly scales (1933-1990)
1994
The annual and monthly rainfall variability in north tropical Africa are analysed by principal component analysis in order to detect the main coherent modes. The Sahel constitutes the first mode, although it is divided close to 1O"W into an Atlantic section and a Continental section. The Guinean zone is less coherent, and is divided into distinct modes. The subequatorial area never formed a distinct mode. Rainfall variability for the coherent areas is constructed from rainfall anomaly indices (RAI), based on the coherent areas, and a rainfall typology taking into account the spatial pattern of the rainfall anomaly fields and the intensity of the anomaly. Their evolution (mainly since 1950) …
Structure and composition of flavoured model cheeses impact on sodium and aroma release
2010
Présentation d'un diaporama ; https://colloque4.inra.fr/biopolymeres2010; Health authorities have called for a reduction of salt quantity in various foodstuffs. Cheese is one of the most targeted products because of its high sodium content. In order to understand how to reduce salt in cheeses without modifying salty perception, the interactions between cheese structure and in-mouth sodium release have to be studied. In this way, model cheeses have been selected due to their great variability of formulation. The current study was conducted to determine how the release of sodium ions and aroma compounds could be modified by structure and composition of model cheeses (lipid/protein ratio, sodi…
Toward the development of a remote photoplethysmographic sensor
2019
Heart-rate estimation performed with remote photoplethysmography is a very active research field. Since pioneer works in 2010, which demonstrated the feasibility of the measure with low-grade consumers’ camera (webcam), the number of scientific publications have increased significantly in the domain. Hence, we observe a multiplication of the methods in order to retrieve the photoplethysmographic signal which hasled to an increased precision and quality of the heartrate estimation. Region of interest segmentation is a key step of the processing pipeline in order to maximize the quality of the measured signal. We propose a new method to perform remote photoplethysmographic measurement using a…
Vers le développement d'un capteur photoplétysmographique sans contact
2019
Heart-rate estimation performed with remote photoplethysmography is a very active research field. Since pioneer works in 2010, which demonstrated the feasibility of the measure with low-grade consumers’ camera (webcam), the number of scientific publications have increased significantly in the domain. Hence, we observe a multiplication of the methods in order to retrieve the photoplethysmographic signal which has led to an increased precision and quality of the heart-rate estimation. Region of interest segmentation is a key step of the processing pipeline in order to maximize the quality of the measured signal. We propose a new method to perform remote photoplethysmographic measurement using…
Using cross-modal interactions to counterbalance salt reduction in solid foods
2011
International audience; We investigated odour-induced saltiness enhancement (OISE) in a solid model cheese with the aim of evaluating the influence of cross-modal interactions (odour-texture-taste) on saltiness perception and assessing the efficacy of using OISE to counterbalance salt reduction. Four model cheeses, varying in texture, were flavoured with three commercial tasteless aromas (comte cheese, sardine and carrot) differently associated with salty and cheesy food products. Twenty-seven consumers evaluated taste intensity, aroma intensity and its congruence with the product flavour, and the overall pleasantness of 12 flavoured and four unflavoured samples. The comparison of the perce…
Fast detection of bovine milk in Rocquefort cheese with phastsystem by gel isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting
1992
.Summary - A fast procedure for the detection of bovine milk in Roquefort cheese is described. It is based on the separation by rapid isoelectric focusing on Phasteysterne apparatus of 12-caseinsfrom the milk of the 2 species. The presence of bovine milk is also confirmed by the detection in the electrophoretic pattern of a ~-casein derived peptide from bovine milk, during cheese ripening, identified by immunoblotting. By using Ihis procedure, levels of bovine milk as low as 5% were easily delecled in Roquefort cheese ripened for a period varying from 10 days to 5 months.
Review : Compounds involved in the flavor of surface mold-ripened cheeses : Origins and properties
1996
Abstract Cheese flavor is obtained through a series of chemical changes that occur in the curd during the early stages of ripening. Lipid hydrolysis leads to FFA, which serve as substrates for further reactions. Peptides and amino acids, which results from proteolysis, also lead to aroma compounds through enzymic and chemical reactions. This paper is a review of the current knowledge about the compounds that contribute to flavor in mold-ripened cheeses, especially Camembert-type cheese. Discussed are the pathway of formation, the sensory properties (odorous notes and perception thresholds), and the quantities of the main volatile compounds encountered in these types of cheeses.