Search results for "EFFECTOR"

Evolutionary conserved pathway of the innate immune response after a viral insult in Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin

2019

Despite the apparent simplicity of the body organization of echinoderms, their immune system is competent to perform a complex innate immune response, which is far from being well understood. The echinoderms represent the most advanced invertebrates that form a bridge with the primitive chordates. In fact, they possess numerous receptors and effectors that are used to obtain a fast immune response. After an infection, the humoral and cellular immune response determines a network in which the main protagonists are membrane and endosomal receptors. The recognition of nonself molecules by specific membrane receptors triggers the immune response, stimulating consecutive intracellular events. We…

2020

Lsr2-like nucleoid-associated proteins play an important role as xenogeneic silencers (XS) of horizontally acquired genomic regions in actinobacteria. In this study, we systematically analyzed the in vivo constraints underlying silencing and counter-silencing of the Lsr2-like protein CgpS in Corynebacterium glutamicum Genome-wide analysis revealed binding of CgpS to regions featuring a distinct drop in GC profile close to the transcription start site (TSS) but also identified an overrepresented motif with multiple A/T steps at the nucleation site of the nucleoprotein complex. Binding of specific transcription factors (TFs) may oppose XS activity, leading to counter-silencing. Following a sy…

Interfering with MIF-CD74 signalling on macrophages and dendritic cells with a peptide-based approach restores the immune response against metastatic…

2018

ABSTRACTMounting an effective immune response against cancer requires the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Metastatic melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Immunotherapies that boost the activity of effector T cells have shown a remarkable success in melanoma treatment. Patients, however, can develop resistance to such therapies by mechanisms that include the establishment of an immune suppressive tumour microenvironment. Understanding how metastatic melanoma cells suppress the immune system is vital to develop effective immunotherapies against this disease. In this study, we find that the innate immune cells, macrophages and dendritic cells are suppressed in m…

2021

The CMS4 mesenchymal subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to treatment. The cellular prion protein PrPC is overexpressed in CMS4 tumors and controls the expression of a panel of CMS4-specific genes in CRC cell lines. Here, we sought to investigate PrPC downstream pathways that may underlie its role in CMS4 CRC. By combining gene set enrichment analyses and gain and loss of function approaches in CRC cell lines, we identify the integrin-linked kinase ILK as a proximal effector of PrPC that mediates its control on the CMS4 phenotype. We further leveraged three independent large CRC cohorts to assess correlations in gene expression pattern with pa…

1H, 13C, and 15N NMR chemical shift assignment of the complex formed by the first EPEC EspF repeat and N-WASP GTPase binding domain

2021

AbstractLEE-encoded effector EspF (EspF) is an effector protein part of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli’s (EPEC’s) arsenal for intestinal infection. This intrinsically disordered protein contains three highly conserved repeats which together compose over half of the protein’s complete amino acid sequence. EPEC uses EspF to hijack host proteins in order to promote infection. In the attack EspF is translocated, together with other effector proteins, to host cell via type III secretion system. Inside host EspF stimulates actin polymerization by interacting with Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), a regulator in actin polymerization machinery. It is presumed that EspF acts by di…

Inducible ASABF-Type Antimicrobial Peptide from the Sponge Suberites domuncula: Microbicidal and Hemolytic Activity in Vitro and Toxic Effect on Moll…

2011

Since sponges, as typical filter-feeders, are exposed to a high load of attacking prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, they are armed with a wide arsenal of antimicrobial/cytostatic low-molecular-weight, non-proteinaceous bioactive compounds. Here we present the first sponge agent belonging to the group of ASABF-type antimicrobial peptides. The ASABF gene was identified and cloned from the demospongeSuberites domuncula. The mature peptide, with a length of 64 aa residues has a predicted pI of 9.24, and comprises the characteristic CSαβ structural motif. Consequently, the S. domuncula ASABF shares high similarity with the nematode ASABFs ; it is distantly related to the defensins. The recom…

Neuropeptide Y effects on pineal melatonin synthesis in the rat

1987

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity is present in the rodent pineal gland. To elucidate possible effects on pineal melatonin synthesis NPY (5 nmol/kg body wt.) was injected into the common carotid artery of male rats. Activities of the melatonin biosynthetic enzymes, serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) were determined by means of radioenzymatic methods. Intact light-exposed animal showed increased NAT activity at day- and at nighttime. Blinded animals showed a more than 10-fold reduction of NAT activity after nocturnal NPY injections. HIOMT activity was only slightly influenced at either time. These results are discussed in terms of the p…

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for kinematics solutions of redundant robots

2016

This written paper presents aspects concerning the implementation of the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in the resolution of a redundant serial robot kinematics. The kinematics solutions are divided into two categories: direct kinematics solutions and inverse kinematics solutions. To be able to control a robot the most important solutions are the ones for the inverse kinematics since one knows the position and the final orientation of the end effector and needs to determine the relative displacement or movements into the robot couplings. To obtain the optimal solutions for the inverse kinematics of a redundant robot the mathematical equations were based onto the redundancy ci…

Research in practice: Regulatory T cells - targets for therapeutic approaches?

2010

• regulatory T cells • tolerance • signal transduction • autoimmunity • allergies • cancer Summary Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance. They contribute to prevention of autoimmunity by control and modulation of immune responses. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, cancer and allergies has markedly increased in the last decades. In additions the treatment of these disorders is often unsatisfactory so that improvements are needed. This has stimulated intensive research in the biology of Tregs. Recent studies revealed that naturally occurring CD4 + CD25 + Tregs (nTregs) and induced Tregs (iTregs) are critical …

Lung CD11c+ cells from mice deficient in Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI-3) prevent airway hyper-responsiveness in experimental asthma

2007

Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene (EBI)-3 codes for a soluble type 1 cytokine receptor homologous to the p40 subunit of IL-12 that is expressed by antigen-presenting cells following activation. Here, we analyzed the functional role of EBI-3 in a murine model of asthma associated with airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Upon allergen challenge, EBI-3-/- mice showed less severe AHR, decreased numbers and degranulation of eosinophils and a significantly reduced number of VCAM-1+ cells in the lungs as compared to wild-type littermates. We thus analyzed lung CD11c+ cells before and after allergen challenge in these mice and found that before allergen challenge, lung CD1…