Search results for "EPA"
showing 10 items of 8995 documents
Fractional hereditariness of lipid membranes: Instabilities and linearized evolution
2016
In this work lipid ordering phase changes arising in planar membrane bilayers is investigated both accounting for elas- ticity alone and for effective viscoelastic response of such assemblies. The mechanical response of such membranes is studied by minimizing the Gibbs free energy which penalizes perturbations of the changes of areal stretch and their gradients only [1]. As material instabilities arise whenever areal stretches characterizing homogeneous configurations lie inside the spinoidal zone of the free energy density, bifurcations from such configurations are shown to occur as oscillatory perturbations of the in-plane displacement. Experimental observations [2] show a power-law in-pl…
Identification and Characterization of the Dermal Panniculus Carnosus Muscle Stem Cells
2016
Summary The dermal Panniculus carnosus (PC) muscle is important for wound contraction in lower mammals and represents an interesting model of muscle regeneration due to its high cell turnover. The resident satellite cells (the bona fide muscle stem cells) remain poorly characterized. Here we analyzed PC satellite cells with regard to developmental origin and purported function. Lineage tracing shows that they originate in Myf5+, Pax3/Pax7+ cell populations. Skin and muscle wounding increased PC myofiber turnover, with the satellite cell progeny being involved in muscle regeneration but with no detectable contribution to the wound-bed myofibroblasts. Since hematopoietic stem cells fuse to PC…
Junctional adhesion molecules JAM-B and JAM-C promote autoimmune-mediated liver fibrosis in mice
2018
Fibrosis remains a serious health concern in patients with chronic liver disease. We recently reported that chemically induced chronic murine liver injury triggers increased expression of junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) JAM-B and JAM-C by endothelial cells and de novo synthesis of JAM-C by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Here, we demonstrate that biopsies of patients suffering from primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) or autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) display elevated levels of JAM-C on portal fibroblasts (PFs), HSCs, endothelial cells and cholangiocytes, whereas smooth muscle cells expressed JAM-C constitutively. Therefore, localization and function of JA…
Impaired Kupffer Cell Self-Renewal Alters the Liver Response to Lipid Overload during Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis
2020
International audience; Kupffer cells (KCs) are liver-resident macrophages that self-renew by proliferation in the adult independently from monocytes. However, how they are maintained during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains ill defined. We found that a fraction of KCs derived from Ly-6C+ monocytes during NASH, underlying impaired KC self-renewal. Monocyte-derived KCs (MoKCs) gradually seeded the KC pool as disease progressed in a response to embryo-derived KC (EmKC) death. Those MoKCs were partly immature and exhibited a pro-inflammatory status compared to EmKCs. Yet, they engrafted the KC pool for the long term as they remained following disease regression while acquiring matur…
Comprehensive Screening for Naturally Occurring Hepatitis C Virus Resistance to Direct-Acting Antivirals in the NS3, NS5A, and NS5B Genes in Worldwid…
2015
ABSTRACTThere is no comprehensive study available on the natural hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymorphism in sites associated with resistance including all viral genotypes which may present variable susceptibilities to particular direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). This study aimed to analyze the frequencies, genetic barriers, and evolutionary histories of naturally occurring resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in the six main HCV genotypes. A comprehensive analysis of up to 103 RAVs was performed in 2,901, 2,216, and 1,344 HCV isolates for the NS3, NS5A, and NS5B genes, respectively. We report significant intergenotypic differences in the frequencies of natural RAVs for these three HCV genes. I…
Host Cell Rab GTPases in Hepatitis B Virus Infection
2018
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver disease and is presently estimated to infect more than 250 million humans. The extremely successful spread of this virus among the human population is explained by its effective transmission strategies and its manifold particle types, including virions, empty envelopes and naked capsids. Due to its tiny genome, HBV depends on cellular machineries to thrive in infected hepatocytes. To enter, traverse and exit the cell, HBV exploits host membrane trafficking pathways, including intracellular highways directed by Rab GTPases. Here, we review recent discoveries focused on how HBV co-opts and perturbs host Rab GTPase functions with an emphasis …
Artesunate Impairs Growth in Cisplatin-Resistant Bladder Cancer Cells by Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis and Autophagy Induction
2020
Cisplatin, which induces DNA damage, is standard chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer (BCa). However, efficacy is limited due to resistance development. Since artesunate (ART), a derivative of artemisinin originating from Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor activity, and to inhibit DNA damage repair, the impact of artesunate on cisplatin-resistant BCa was evaluated. Cisplatin-sensitive (parental) and cisplatin-resistant BCa cells, RT4, RT112, T24, and TCCSup, were treated with ART (1&ndash
Autophagy Stimulation as a Potential Strategy Against Intestinal Fibrosis
2019
We recently observed reduced autophagy in Crohn’s disease patients and an anti-inflammatory effect of autophagy stimulation in murine colitis, but both anti- and pro-fibrotic effects are associated with autophagy stimulation in different tissues, and fibrosis is a frequent complication of Crohn’s disease. Thus, we analyzed the effects of pharmacological modulation of autophagy in a murine model of intestinal fibrosis and detected that autophagy inhibition aggravates, while autophagy stimulation prevents, fibrosis. These effects are associated with changes in inflammation and in collagen degradation in primary fibroblasts. Thus, pharmacological stimulation of autophagy may be useful against …
Isolation and Analysis of Fasciola hepatica Extracellular Vesicles
2020
The finding of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as important players in parasite-parasite and host-parasite communications has led to an increasing number of reports in the literature. Different protocols have been developed for isolation and further characterization of EVs from parasitic helminths. In this chapter, we describe step by step procedures to isolate EVs secreted by Fasciola hepatica adults in culture, which could be also applied for other developmental stages of the parasite, as well as EVs present in plasma and urine. Along with classical isolation methods like differential ultracentrifugation, and more recent techniques like size exclusion chromatography (SEC), here we also refer…
About human taeniasis and Taenia saginata diagnosis by endoscopy
2016
La carta al editor se refiere al articulo de Canaval-Zuleta et al. aceptado para publicacion, titulado "Endoscopy as an alternative diagnostic and therapeutic technique for Taenia saginata". El trabajo presenta una serie de incorrecciones que deben ser aclaradas, o al menos parte de ellas en solo 300 palabras. La informacion sobre las vias de infeccion en taeniasis, asi como la patogenia y tecnicas de diagnostico, no se ajustan a la realidad. Asimismo, ya esta publicado que el diagnostico por endoscopia es una tecnica muy sensible pero nada especifica, pues no permite distinguir entre las 3 especies humanas del genero Taenia.