Search results for "ESOL"

showing 10 items of 2444 documents

Structure analysis of titanate nanorods by automated electron diffraction tomography

2011

A hitherto unknown phase of sodium titanate, NaTi3O6(OH)·2H2O, was identified as the intermediate species in the synthesis of TiO2 nanorods. This new phase, prepared as nanorods, was investigated by electron diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The structure was determined ab initio using electron diffraction data collected by the recently developed automated diffraction tomography technique. NaTi3O6(OH)·2H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m. Corrugated layers of corner- and edge-sharing distorted TiO6 octahedra are intercalated with Na+ and water of crystallization. The nanorods are typically …

Diffractionthermogravimetric analysisReflection high-energy electron diffractionChemistryGeneral Medicinetitanate nanorodsGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyCrystallographyElectron diffractionX-ray powder diffractionEnergy filtered transmission electron microscopyautomated electron diffraction tomographyhigh-resolution transmission electron microscopySelected area diffractionHigh-resolution transmission electron microscopyPowder diffractionElectron backscatter diffractionautomated electron diffraction tomography; high-resolution transmission electron microscopy; thermogravimetric analysis; titanate nanorods; X-ray powder diffraction
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Characterization of estuarine sediments by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

2008

It has been developed a partial least squares near infrared (PLS-NIR) method for the determination of estuarine sediment physicochemical parameters. The method was based on the chemometric treatment of first order derivative reflectance spectra obtained from samples previously lyophilized and sieved through a lower than 63 μm grid. Spectra were scanned from 833 to 2976 nm, averaging 36 scans per spectrum at a resolution of 8 cm-1, using chromatographic glass vials of 9.5 mm internal diameter as measurement cells. Models were built using reference data of 31 samples selected through the use of a hierarchical cluster analysis of NIR spectra of sediments obtained from the Ria de Arousa estuary…

Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transformResolution (mass spectrometry)ChemistryNear-infrared spectroscopyAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementBiochemistryNitrogenAnalytical ChemistryRoot mean squareChemometricsPartial least squares regressionEnvironmental ChemistryTrace metalSpectroscopyAnalytica Chimica Acta
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Influencia de la estructura y del contexto en las dificultades de los problemas de probabilidad condicional de nivel N0. Un estudio exploratorio con …

2009

Partiendo de las resoluciones de 165 estudiantes de 4º de las ESO (15-16 años), hablamos sobre las dificultades de un tipo particular de problemas (problemas de nivel N0) y las relacionamos con su estructura y con el contexto en el que están formulados. Mostramos como, en efecto, es posible hablar de la influencia del contexto, principalmente sobre la dificultad de la solución del problema, y de una influencia significativa de la estructura sobre otras dos de las dificultades consideradas en este estudio: la dificultad apreciada del problema y la dificultad del problema.

DificultadesTipos de problemasProbabilidad condicionalResolución de problemasContextos
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32×32 winner-take-all matrix with single winner selection

2010

A 32 × 32 winner-take-all (WTA) matrix with single winner selection is introduced. A high-resolution gain-boosted regulated-cascode WTA circuit is used in a first competition stage. Because of the large number of competing cells the possibility of a multiple winners situation arises. A single winner is obtained by means of a digital inhibitory circuit following each WTA analogue amplifier. Simulations show that this mixed analogue-digital circuit achieves its objective with a current resolution of approximately 10 nA (0.8% of the maximum input current in the simulated case). A time response of ?s can be achieved.

Digital electronicsEngineeringArtificial neural networkbusiness.industryAmplifierHigh resolutionWinner-take-allMatrix (mathematics)Time responseElectronic engineeringElectrical and Electronic EngineeringbusinessAlgorithmSelection (genetic algorithm)Electronics Letters
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3D reconstruction of the hemocyanin subunit dimer from the chiton Acanthochiton fascicularis.

2004

Procedures are presented for the purification of the subunit dimer from Acanthochiton fasicularis hemocyanin. Electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens revealed a uniform population of macromolecules possessing the characteristic "boat shape". A 3D reconstruction from this EM data generated a approximately 3 nm resolution model that correlates well with earlier data of the purported subunit dimer, extracted from the 3D reconstruction of the didecamer of Haliotis tuberculata hemocyanin type 1.

Dimermedicine.medical_treatmentProtein subunitPopulationGeneral Physics and AstronomyBiologylaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundStructural BiologylawmedicineAnimalsGeneral Materials ScienceChitoneducationeducation.field_of_studyResolution (electron density)HemocyaninCell Biologybiology.organism_classificationNegative stainCrystallographyMicroscopy ElectronProtein SubunitschemistryMolluscaHemocyaninsElectron microscopeDimerizationMicron (Oxford, England : 1993)
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Sparse Image Representation by Directionlets

2010

Despite the success of the standard wavelet transform (WT) in image processing in recent years, the efficiency and sparsity of its representation are limited by the spatial symmetry and separability of its basis functions built in the horizontal and vertical directions. One-dimensional discontinuities in images (edges or contours), which are important elements in visual perception, intersect too many wavelet basis functions and lead to a non-sparse representation. To capture efficiently these elongated structures characterized by geometrical regularity along different directions (not only the horizontal and vertical), a more complex multidirectional (M-DIR) and asymmetric transform is requi…

Directional transformsbusiness.industryMultiresolution analysisWavelet transformImage codingImage processingDirectional vanishing momentsContourletImage orientation analysisWavelet transformsWaveletCurveletImage scalingImage interpolationComputer visionSeparable transformsArtificial intelligencebusinessAlgorithmMultiresolution analysisSparse representationMathematicsImage compression
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A Note on Riesz Bases of Eigenvectors of Certain Holomorphic Operator-Functions

2001

Abstract Operator-valued functions of the form A (λ) ≔ A − λ + Q(λ) with λ ↦ Q(λ)(A − μ)− 1 compact-valued and holomorphic on certain domains Ω ⊂  C are considered in separable Hilbert space. Assuming that the resolvent of A is compact, its eigenvalues are simple and the corresponding eigenvectors form a Riesz basis for H of finite defect, it is shown that under certain growth conditions on ‖Q(λ)(A − λ)− 1‖ the eigenvectors of A corresponding to a part of its spectrum also form a Riesz basis of finite defect. Applications are given to operator-valued functions of the form A (λ) = A − λ + B(λ − D)− 1C and to spectral problems in L2(0, 1) of the form −f″(x) + p(x, λ)f′(x) + q(x, λ)f(x) = λf(x…

Dirichlet problemPure mathematicsApplied MathematicsMathematical analysisHolomorphic functionHilbert spaceeigenvectorsoperator-functionRiesz basisSeparable spacesymbols.namesakeDirichlet boundary conditionsymbolsCauchy's integral theoremAnalysisEigenvalues and eigenvectorsMathematicsResolventJournal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
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Nonlinear diffusion in transparent media: the resolvent equation

2017

Abstract We consider the partial differential equation u - f = div ⁡ ( u m ⁢ ∇ ⁡ u | ∇ ⁡ u | ) u-f=\operatornamewithlimits{div}\biggl{(}u^{m}\frac{\nabla u}{|\nabla u|}% \biggr{)} with f nonnegative and bounded and m ∈ ℝ {m\in\mathbb{R}} . We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions for both the Dirichlet problem (with bounded and nonnegative boundary datum) and the homogeneous Neumann problem. Solutions, which a priori belong to a space of truncated bounded variation functions, are shown to have zero jump part with respect to the ℋ N - 1 {{\mathcal{H}}^{N-1}} -Hausdorff measure. Results and proofs extend to more general nonlinearities.

Dirichlet problemPure mathematicsTotal variation; transparent media; linear growth Lagrangian; comparison principle; Dirichlet problems; Neumann problems35J25 35J60 35B51 35B99Applied Mathematics010102 general mathematicsMathematics::Analysis of PDEsBoundary (topology)01 natural sciences010101 applied mathematicsMathematics - Analysis of PDEsBounded functionBounded variationFOS: MathematicsNeumann boundary conditionUniquenessNabla symbol0101 mathematicsAnalysisAnalysis of PDEs (math.AP)ResolventMathematics
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Domains of accretive operators in Banach spaces

2016

LetD(A)be the domain of anm-accretive operatorAon a Banach spaceE. We provide sufficient conditions for the closure ofD(A)to be convex and forD(A)to coincide withEitself. Several related results and pertinent examples are also included.

Discrete mathematicsApproximation propertyGeneral Mathematics010102 general mathematicsBanach spaceClosure (topology)Finite-rank operatorResolvent formalism01 natural sciencesDomain (mathematical analysis)010101 applied mathematicsOperator (computer programming)0101 mathematicsC0-semigroupMathematicsProceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics
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Analysis of Optimal High Resolution and Fixed Rate Scalar Quantization

2009

In 2001, Hui and Neuhoff proposed a uniform quantizer with overload for the quantization of scalar signals and derived the asymptotically optimal size of the quantization bins in the high-bitrate limit. The purpose of the present paper is to prove a quantitatively more precise version of this result which, at the same time, is valid for a more general, quite natural class of probability distributions that requires only little regularity and includes, for instance, positive Lipschitz-continuous functions of unit integral.

Discrete mathematicsAsymptotically optimal algorithmScalar quantizationQuantization (signal processing)Applied mathematicsHigh resolutionProbability distributionLibrary and Information SciencesInformation theoryNatural classComputer Science ApplicationsInformation SystemsMathematicsIEEE Transactions on Information Theory
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