Search results for "EURA"
showing 10 items of 3336 documents
Neural Crest-Derived Chondrocytes Isolation for Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine
2020
Chondrocyte transplantation has been successfully tested and proposed as a clinical procedure aiming to repair articular cartilage defects. However, the isolation of chondrocytes and the optimization of the enzymatic digestion process, as well as their successful in vitro expansion, remain the main challenges in cartilage tissue engineering. In order to address these issues, we investigated the performance of recombinant collagenases in tissue dissociation assays with the aim of isolating chondrocytes from bovine nasal cartilage in order to establish the optimal enzyme blend to ensure the best outcomes of the overall procedure. We show, for the first time, that collagenase H activity alone …
Gangliosides and sialic acid effects upon newborn pathogenic bacteria adhesion: An in vitro study
2012
The effect of the main gangliosides (GM(1), GM(3), GD(3)) and free sialic acid (Neu5Ac) upon the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria implicated in infant diarrhoea is assessed in vitro using the Caco-2 cell line. Concentrations of the bioactive compounds found in the bioaccessible (soluble) fraction of infant formula and human milk are employed. Bacterial adhesion behaviour included enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella entericaserovartyphi, Shigella sonnei, Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. Three different approaches were assayed: pre-incubation of bacteria and compounds before addition to cells (competition); pr…
The Application of Machine Learning Algorithms to the Analysis of Electromyographic Patterns From Arthritic Patients
2009
The main aim of our study was to investigate the possibility of applying machine learning techniques to the analysis of electromyographic patterns (EMG) collected from arthritic patients during gait. The EMG recordings were collected from the lower limbs of patients with arthritis and compared with those of healthy subjects (CO) with no musculoskeletal disorder. The study involved subjects suffering from two forms of arthritis, viz, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and hip osteoarthritis (OA). The analysis of the data was plagued by two problems which frequently render the analysis of this type of data extremely difficult. One was the small number of human subjects that could be included in the in…
Quantitative comparison of motion history image variants for video-based depression assessment
2017
Abstract Depression is the most prevalent mood disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Automated video-based analyses may afford objective measures to support clinical judgments. In the present paper, categorical depression assessment is addressed by proposing a novel variant of the Motion History Image (MHI) which considers Gabor-inhibited filtered data instead of the original image. Classification results obtained with this method on the AVEC’14 dataset are compared to those derived using (a) an earlier MHI variant, the Landmark Motion History Image (LMHI), and (b) the original MHI. The different motion representations were tested in several combinations of appearance-based …
Role of calcium in E-selectin induced phenotype of T84 colon carcinoma cells
2003
The adhesion of cancer cells to the endothelium during the metastatic process involves the interaction of specific cell-cell adhesion receptors on the cell surface. E-selectin on endothelial cells and sialyl Lewis X carbohydrate component on tumor cells are mainly implicated in the adhesion of colon carcinoma cells to the endothelium of target organ. In this paper we show that binding of E-selectin to T84 colon tumor cells causes approximately a twofold increase in intracellular calcium concentration. In particular, using two inhibitors of receptor operated calcium channels, CAI and SK&F 96365, we present evidences that the augmentation in cytoplasmic calcium originates from ionic influx fr…
Giant liposomes as model membranes for immunological studies: spontaneous insertion of purified K1-antigen (poly-alpha-2,8-NeuAc) of Escherichia coli.
1990
A flow chamber has been constructed to use giant liposomes (diameter 5-50 microns) as model membranes for immunological studies and other experiments involving the interaction with water-soluble compounds. As an example of immunological importance, the insertion of purified K-antigen from Escherichia coli K1 has been studied. Despite its large hydrophilic part (poly-alpha-2,8-NeuAc), which is capped at its potential reducing end with phosphatidic acid acting as a lipid anchor group, this water-soluble material is readily incorporated into liposomal membranes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). The incorporation has been proven by immunofluorescence using a FITC-labeled monoclonal anti…
Mucolipidosis I: increased sialic acid content and deficiency of an alpha-N-acetylneuraminidase in cultured fibroblasts.
1977
Abstract Extracts of fibroblasts derived from a patient with mucolipidosis I exhibited a fivefold increase in sialic acid content as compared to those of normal cells. About 80% of this sialic acid was linked to other molecules. Using neuraminlactose as a substrate, mucolipidosis I fibroblasts were found to be severely deficient in an “acid” α-N-acetylneuraminidase. Since other lysosomal hydrolase activities were normal, we hypothesize that the basic metabolic lesion in mucolipidosis I lies in a defective degradation of sialic acid-containing compounds due to the genetic deficiency of a neuraminidase.
Intra-operatively obtained human tissue: Protocols and techniques for the study of neural stem cells
2009
The discoveries of neural (NSCs) and brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) in the adult human brain and in brain tumors, respectively, have led to a new era in neuroscience research. These cells represent novel approaches to studying normal phenomena such as memory and learning, as well as pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, and brain tumors. This new paradigm stresses the importance of understanding how these cells behave in vitro and in vivo. It also stresses the need to use human-derived tissue to study human disease because animal models may not necessarily accurately replicate the processes that occur in humans. An important, but often underused, source of human tissu…
Retrograde transport of sodium selenite and intracellular injection of micro-ruby: a combined method to describe the morphology of zinc-rich neurones.
2003
Abstract Zinc is found in synaptic vesicles in a large number of glutamatergic systems. Its involvement in neurotransmission and neurological disorders has been suggested. There are methods for tracing these circuits, but they do not fill the dendritic tree. In this study, extracellular selenite injections in vivo were combined with intracellular injection of fluorochromes in fixed tissue to reveal the morphology of these zinc-rich neurones. Intraperitoneal and intracerebral injections of sodium selenite alone or intracerebral injections of selenite combined with bisbenzimide were made in the visual cortex of the rat in order to locate the somata of zinc-rich neurones. After 24 h of retrogr…
Experimental study of electrical FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons with modified excitability
2006
International audience; We present an electronical circuit modelling a FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron with a modified excitability. To characterize this basic cell, the bifurcation curves between stability with excitation threshold, bistability and oscillations are investigated. An electrical circuit is then proposed to realize a unidirectional coupling between two cells, mimicking an inter-neuron synaptic coupling. In such a master-slave configuration, we show experimentally how the coupling strength controls the dynamics of the slave neuron, leading to frequency locking, chaotic behavior and synchronization. These phenomena are then studied by phase map analysis. The architecture of a possible ne…