Search results for "Employment"
showing 10 items of 704 documents
Patronage and the Public Service: A Dynamic Performance Governance Perspective
2020
Patronage is one of the enduring issues in public administration. Although the virtues of merit-based recruitment and retention in the public service are extolled widely, patronage of some form persists in many, if not most, countries. By using system dynamics modeling applied to performance governance, this chapter provides an analysis of both the pathological and the eufunctional aspects of patronage appointments in the public sector. It also considers the potential virtues of using patronage appointments. In addition, using a dynamic performance governance model, we examine how patronage may actually improve the performance of public services.
Senza lavoro : la disoccupazione in Italia dall'Unità a oggi
2016
Al momento dell’Unità il lavoro era molto spesso un’esperienza discontinua. Ci si adattava trovando fonti alternative di sostentamento, esercitando diverse attività o spostandosi alla ricerca di un’occupazione. A fine Ottocento nasce una nuova consapevolezza: la mancanza di lavoro è una forma di ingiustizia contro cui occorre lottare. Chi non ha lavoro, e non per sua volontà, non tollera più di essere additato come ozioso o vagabondo. Più tardi il fascismo favorirà il mantenimento di bassi salari e la lotta alla disoccupazione diventerà poco più che uno slogan propagandistico. Sarà solo dopo il disastro della seconda guerra mondiale, in un’Italia con milioni di disoccupati, che l’intero ord…
Labor Productivity and Okun’s law: An empirical application to Italian regional panel data
2012
Okun’s law, named for its proposer, Arthur Okun, was first applied during the 1960s in the USA to describe the relationship between economic growth and unemployment fluctuations. Several attempts were later made to test the empirical applicability of the relationship to different countries and historical periods. Heterogeneous results were generally found in estimating Okun’s coefficient, depending on the sample and context analysed. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the relevance of Okun’s law to Italian regions. We perform a panel analysis to estimate the influence of asymmetry and local market differences on Okun’s relationship. Moreover, observing particularly low values of part…
Persistent Employment Instability and Fertility Intentions in Italy
2014
Our paper adds to the growing literature on the measurement of employment instability and on that on its consequences on fertility dynamics. We argue that many of these studies disregard a crucial dimension of employment instability: its persistence (duration). It is the persistence in an unstable condition, more than the status itself, that may have the most severe consequences on subsequent family choices. In this paper, we propose an index of persistence in employment instability that synthesizes all the information inside the individual sequence of employment statuses in a single number accounting simultaneously for the duration, sequencing, intensity, and labour market circumstances. T…
A stochastic dynamic model to evaluate the influence of economy and well-being on unemployment control
2018
[EN] This paper presents a stochastic dynamic mathematical model to study the evolution of the unemployment rate and other relevant related variables in a country. This model is composed by three basic interrelated subsystems: demographic, economic and wellbeing ones. A key aspect of this model is that it considers three UN well-being variables simultaneously: Human Development Index, Gender Empowerment Index and Gender Differentiation Index. These variables involve key concepts for human development, as Health, Education, Economy and Female Labor. With this model, the most outstanding variables found in the literature in relation with unemployment control can be used to design strategies a…
'Uber Economy': Employee, Self-Employed or a Need of a Special Employment Regulation?
2015
The Digital era has changed industrial relationships dramatically. This has caused a considerable legal uncertainty about which rules apply to cyberspace. Technology is transforming business organization in a way that makes employees -- as subordinate work -- less necessary. A new type of companies "on demand economy" "sharing economy" -- dedicated to connecting customers directly with individual service providers are emerging. Thus, these companies develop their core business completely through workers classified as self-employed. In this context, employment law is facing its greatest challenge, dealing with a very different reality compared to the one existing when it was created. This pa…
El Contrato De Trabajo En El S. XXI: La Economma Colaborativa, On-Demand Economy, Crowdsorcing, Uber Economy Y Otras Formas De Descentralizaciin Prod…
2015
Spanish Abstract: Las nuevas plataformas virtuales estan cambiando la forma en la que se presta servicios. La tecnologia esta trasformando las organizaciones empresariales de forma que el trabajador subordinado es menos necesario. Un nuevo tipo de empresas --"on demand, economy "sharing economy"-- se dedican a conectar al cliente directamente con el prestador de servicios. De esta forma, estas companias desarrollan su principal actividad a traves de trabajadores autonomos. En este contexto, el Derecho del trabajo se enfrenta a su mayor desafio, teniendo que regular una realidad muy diferente a la existente en el momento en el que fue creado. Sin embargo, los trabajadores siguen necesitando …
Epidemiology of intensive care unit-acquired sepsis in Italy: Results of the SPIN-UTI network
2018
Background. Sepsis is the major cause of mortality from any infectious disease worldwide. Sepsis may be the result of a healthcare associated infection (HAI): the most frequent adverse events during care delivery especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The main aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiology of ICU-acquired sepsis and related outcomes among patients enrolled in the framework of the Italian Nosocomial Infections Surveillance in ICUs - SPIN-UTI project. Study design. Prospective multicenter study. Methods. The SPIN-UTI network adopted the European protocols for patient-based HAI surveillance. Results. During the five editions of the SPIN-UTI project, from 2008 to…
Economic stress and marital adjustment among couples: analyses at the dyadic level
2004
This survey study of 608 Finnish couples investigated the question of how economic stress is reflected in marital adjustment on the basis of the model presented by Conger and colleagues. We used the couple as a unit of analysis, performing a dyadic-level analysis within the framework of LISREL models. The model showed that the path by which economic circumstances were linked to marital adjustment was as follows: poor economic circumstances were linked to economic strain, which was related to increased psychological distress, and psychological distress in turn was negatively reflected in marital adjustment. However, psychological distress only partially mediated the link between economic str…
Quand l’agriculture des pays riches crée de la pauvreté
2018
L’agriculture a toujours été un secteur où les tâches peu qualifiées sont restées très pourvoyeuses de main d’oeuvre ; ce sont majoritairement les immigrés fraîchement arrivés qui s’y adonnent, les natifs délaissant ces travaux pénibles, mal payés et peu valorisants. Nous allons analyser dans cette contribution l’extrême difficulté des « saisonniers-migrants » présents en Espagne. Pour cela, nous mettrons en résonnance les parcours de deux immigrés, originaires l’un du Maroc, l’autre du Mali, pour montrer comment ils sont littéralement devenus « prisonniers » de cette agriculture, sans pouvoir se construire — ni se projeter — dans un quelconque autre avenir, cette situation ayant été amplif…