Search results for "Endocrine System"
showing 10 items of 1530 documents
The treatment of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia in adults: an update
2016
Treatment of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia (HH) is challenging due to the rarity of this condition and the difficulty of differential diagnosis. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the recent literature on the management of adult HH. A search for reviews, original articles, original case reports between 1995 and 2016 in PubMed using the following keywords: hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia, insulinoma, nesidioblastosis, gastric bypass, autoimmune hypoglycaemia, hyperinsulinism, treatment was performed. One hundred and forty articles were selected and analysed focusing on the most recent treatments of HH. New approaches to treatment of HH are available including mini-invasive sur…
Androgenic-anabolic steroid effects on serum thyroid, pituitary and steroid hormones in athletes.
1987
Endocrine responses in seven power athletes were investigated during a 12 week strength training period, when the athletes were taking high doses of androgenic-anabolic steroids, and during the 13 weeks following drug withdrawal. During the use of steroids significant decreases (P less than 0.05 to 0.001) in the serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triidothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyroid hormone-binding globulin (TBG) were found, whereas the value of triidothyronine uptake increased (P less than 0.001). In relation to the changes in the thyroid function parameters measured, we suggest that the primary target of androgen action was TBG biosynthesis. In five of…
Metformin modulates human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and proinflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
2015
Abstract Objective We aim to assess the effect of metformin treatment on metabolic parameters, endothelial function and inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subjects. Methods The study population consisted of 40 reproductive-age women with PCOS, who underwent treatment with metformin during a 12-week period, and their corresponding matched controls (n = 44). We evaluated endocrinological parameters, adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)) in serum. In addition, interactions between human umbili…
Growth factor concentrations and their placental mRNA expression are modulated in gestational diabetes mellitus: possible interactions with macrosomia
2009
Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. GDM is a well known risk factor for foetal overgrowth, termed macrosomia which is influenced by maternal hypergycemia and endocrine status through placental circulation. The study was undertaken to investigate the implication of growth factors and their receptors in GDM and macrosomia, and to discuss the role of the materno-foeto-placental axis in the in-utero regulation of foetal growth. Methods 30 women with GDM and their 30 macrosomic babies (4.75 ± 0.15 kg), and 30 healthy age-matched pregnant women and their 30 newborns (3.50 ± 0.10 kg) were recruited in the present study. Serum …
Induction of oxidative stress and human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance.
2011
Insulin resistance is a feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is related to mitochondrial and endothelial function.We tested whether hyperandrogenic insulin-resistant women with PCOS, who have an increased risk of vascular disease, display impaired leukocyte-endothelium interactions, and mitochondrial dysfunction.This was a prospective controlled study conducted in an academic medical center.The study population consisted of 43 lean reproductive-age women with PCOS and 39 controls subjects.We evaluated anthropometric and metabolic parameters, adhesion molecules, and interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mitochondrial function was studied by as…
Microalbuminuria fractional clearance and early renal permselectivity changes in essential hypertension.
1992
In order to verify if, in essential hypertension (EH), the microalbuminuria (AER) increase could be due to hemodynamic modifications or to glomerular structural changes, in 15 essential hypertensives (EHs) with 24-hour AER16 micrograms/min and in 15 EHs with 24-hour AERor = 16 micrograms/min, the day- and nighttime behavior of creatinine clearance (Ccr), as well as AER clearance (AER-C) and fractional clearance (AER-FC), and behavior of blood pressure (BP) was evaluated. Patients with 24-hour AER16 micrograms/min showed significantly higher values of 24-hour and daytime Ccr than the other group of EHs, while during the night period, there were no significant differences between the two grou…
Hyperinsulinism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): role of insulin clearance.
2015
PURPOSE: Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinism are the predominant metabolic defects in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, hyperinsulinism, as well as being compensatory, can also express a condition of reduced insulin clearance. Our aim was to evaluate the differences in insulin action and metabolism between women with PCOS (with normal glucose tolerance) and age- and BMI-matched women with prediabetes (without hyperandrogenism and ovulatory disorders). METHODS: 22 women with PCOS and 21 age/BMI-matched women with prediabetes were subjected to a Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and an Oral Glucose tolerance Test (OGTT). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the glucose…
Major gender difference in association of FTO gene variant among severely obese children with obesity and obesity related phenotypes.
2008
Recent studies have shown that SNPs in the FTO gene predispose to childhood and adult obesity. In this study, we examined the association between variants in FTO and KIAA1005, a gene that maps closely to FTO, and obesity, as well as obesity related traits among 450 well characterised severely obese children and 512 normal weight controls. FTO showed significant association with several obesity related traits while SNPs in KIAA1005 did not. When stratified by gender, the FTO variant rs9939609 showed association with obesity and BMI among girls (P = 0.006 and 0.004, respectively) but not among boys. Gender differences were also found in the associations of the FTO rs9939609 with obesity relat…
Ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules in a woman with premature ovarian failure.
2001
Abstract Objective: To report a case of premature ovarian failure (POF) associated with an ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules. Design: Case report. Setting: Reproductive endocrinology unit in a tertiary academic center. Patient(s): A 20-year-old woman with POF. Intervention(s): Biopsy of the rudimentary ovary by laparoscopy. Main Outcome Measure(s): Protocol for POF investigation and histological study of the ovarian sample. Result(s): An ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules was detected in the rudimentary right ovary. Conclusion(s): The rare ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules, which may be hormonally active, was detected in a case of POF.
Prevalence and metabolic characteristics of adrenal androgen excess in hyperandrogenic women with different phenotypes
2007
Background: Serum DHEAS has been found to be elevated in some women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We wished to determine whether this prevalence is different in women with androgen excess who have different phenotypes and to correlate these findings with various cardiovascular and metabolic parameters. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-eight young hyperandrogenic women categorized into various diagnostic groups were evaluated for elevations in serum DHEAS, testosterone, glucose, insulin, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP). Data were stratified based on elevations in DHEAS. Results: Serum DHEAS w…