Search results for "Endocrine System"
showing 10 items of 1530 documents
Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is predictive of an altered adipokine profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.
2014
Aims Although there is still no clear definition of “adipose tissue dysfunction” or ATD, the identification of a clinical marker of altered fat distribution and function may provide the needed tools for early identification of a condition of cardiometabolic risk. Our aim was to evaluate the correlations among various anthropometric indices [BMI, Waist Circumference (WC), Hip Circumference (HC), Waist/Hip ratio (WHR), Body Adiposity Index (BAI) and Visceral adiposity Index (VAI)] and several adipocytokines [Visfatin, Resistin, Leptin, Soluble leptin receptors (sOB-R), Adiponectin, Ghrelin, Adipsin, PAI-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) TNF-α, hs-CRP…
Association of placental concentrations of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals with cognitive functioning in preschool children from the Environm…
2020
Developmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and other phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may affect child neurodevelopment, but data on the effects of prenatal exposure to phenols on cognitive function remain sparse. Our aim was to examine the association of placental concentrations of several phenolic EDCs, including BPA, parabens (PBs), and benzophenones (BzPs), with cognitive development in preschool children from the Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project in Spain. Concentrations of BPA, four PBs (methylparaben [MePB], ethylparaben [EtPB], propylparaben [PrPB], and butylparaben [BuPB]), and six BzPs (BzP-1, BzP-2, BzP-3, BzP-6, BzP-8, and 4-hydroxybenzophenone [4-OH-BzP]) …
Quantitative mass spectrometry for human melanocortin peptides in vitro and in vivo suggests prominent roles for β-MSH and desacetyl α-MSH in energy …
2018
Objective The lack of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived melanocortin peptides results in hypoadrenalism and severe obesity in both humans and rodents that is treatable with synthetic melanocortins. However, there are significant differences in POMC processing between humans and rodents, and little is known about the relative physiological importance of POMC products in the human brain. The aim of this study was to determine which POMC-derived peptides are present in the human brain, to establish their relative concentrations, and to test if their production is dynamically regulated. Methods We analysed both fresh post-mortem human hypothalamic tissue and hypothalamic neurons derived from …
Effects of Vildagliptin/Metformin Therapy on Patient-Reported Outcomes: Work Productivity, Patient Satisfaction, and Resource Utilization
2013
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated not only with high direct healthcare costs, but also with indirect costs, as diabetic complications and the disease itself result in loss of productivity. Vildagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that is given either alone or in combination with oral hypoglycemic drugs, including metformin. The study was designed to assess the hypothesis that fixed-combination vildagliptin/metformin improves work productivity measured as Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) scores. Secondary objectives were the assessment of patient satisfaction by means of the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs), the c…
Induction of RAGE Shedding by Activation of G Protein-Coupled Receptors
2011
The multiligand Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) is involved in various pathophysiological processes, including diabetic inflammatory conditions and Alzheimers disease. Full-length RAGE, a cell surface-located type I membrane protein, can proteolytically be converted by metalloproteinases ADAM10 and MMP9 into a soluble RAGE form. Moreover, administration of recombinant soluble RAGE suppresses activation of cell surface-located RAGE by trapping RAGE ligands. Therefore stimulation of RAGE shedding might have a therapeutic value regarding inflammatory diseases. We aimed to investigate whether RAGE shedding is inducible via ligand-induced activation of G protein-coupled recep…
Integrated and diurnal indices of maternal pregnancy cortisol in relation to sex-specific parasympathetic responsivity to stress in infants.
2020
Maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity may prenatally program sex-specific stress response pathways. We investigated associations between maternal cortisol during pregnancy and infant parasympathetic responsivity to stress among 204 mother-infant pairs. Cortisol indices included 3(rd) trimester hair cortisol, as well as diurnal slope and area under the curve, derived from saliva samples collected during pregnancy. Mother-infant dyads participated in the Repeated Still-Face Paradigm (SFP-R) at age 6 months. We calculated respiration-adjusted respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA(c)), an indicator of parasympathetic activation, from infant respiration and cardiac activity mea…
Biphenyl and fluorinated derivatives: liver enzyme-mediated mutagenicity detected in Salmonella typhimurium and Chinese hamster V79 cells.
1992
Abstract Hepatocarcinogenic polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls usually show negative results in in vitro mutagenicity assays. Problems in their testing result from their low water solubility and their slow rate of metabolism. We therefore investigated better soluble model compounds, namely biphenyl and its 3 possible monofiuorinated derivatives. In the direct test, these compounds proved tobe nonmutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 (reversion to histidine prototrophy) and in Chinese hamster V79 cells (acquisition of resistance to 6-thioguanine). However, when the exposure was carried out in the presence of NADPH-fortified postmitochondrial fraction of liver homogenat…
Mutagenicity spectra in Salmonella typhimurium strains of glutathione, L-cysteine and active oxygen species
1989
Glutathione and L-cysteine, in the presence of rat kidney post-mitochondrial supernatant (S9) fraction, and various forms of active oxygen were investigated for mutagenicity in seven his- strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Glutathione and L-cysteine showed qualitatively and quantitatively virtually identical mutagenic activities. The number of mutants induced in strain TA97 was 3-4 times higher than in TA100, the strain in which the mutagenicity was originally detected. Mutagenic effects were also observed in strains TA92, TA102 and TA104, but not in TA1535 and TA1537. Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and glucose/glucose oxidase in the presence and absence of kidney S9 fraction showed pronounc…
Inactivation of electrophilic metabolites by glutathione S-transferases and limitation of the system due to subcellular localization
1977
Benzo(a)pyrene was activated to metabolites mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 by liver microsomes from control and phenobarbital treated mice. Under these conditions benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide accounts for most of the mutagenicity. We have therefore investigated (1) the conjugation of benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide with glutathione and (2) the effect of glutathione on the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene.
Metabolic epoxidation of trans-4-acetylaminostilbene: A protective mechanism against its activation to a mutagen
1976
Abstract Trans -4-acetylaminostilbene is activated by liver preparations to mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium . Since this compound is metabolized to the trans -α,β-epoxide and since many epoxides are ultimate mutagens, this epoxide was tested for direct mutagenicity. It was, however, found to be non-mutagenic, and, in contrast to the parent compound, the epoxide was no longer activated by liver preparations to mutagens. The same was found for the β-ketone and for the threo -α,β-dihydrodiol, which are formed metabolically from trans -4-acetylaminostilbene and from its α,β-epoxide. 4-Acetylaminobibenzyl showed a very weak mutagenic activity in the presence of the liver preparation. Thus, i…