Search results for "Epithelial Cell"
showing 10 items of 475 documents
Association of increased CCL5 and CXCL7 chemokine expression with neutrophil activation in severe stable COPD
2009
BACKGROUND: Increased numbers of activated neutrophils have been reported in the bronchial mucosa of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly in severe disease. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of neutrophilic chemokines and adhesion molecules in bronchial biopsies from patients with stable COPD of different severity (GOLD stages I-IV) compared with age-matched control subjects, smokers with normal lung function and never smokers. METHODS: The expression of CCL5, CXCL1, 5, 6, 7 and 8, CXCR1, CXCR2, CD11b and CD44 was measured in the bronchial mucosa using immunohistochemistry, confocal immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chai…
Acetylcholine in isolated airways of rat, guinea pig, and human: species differences in role of airway mucosa
1996
Stored endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) and in vitro synthesis of [3H]ACh were measured in isolated, mucosa-intact and mucosa-denuded airways of rat, guinea pig, and humans. In addition, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and ACh content were measured in freshly isolated airway mucosa as well as in cultured epithelial cells of rat tracheas. Rat tracheas stored 25 nmol/g ACh, whereas guinea pig tracheas and human bronchi contained only 2-3 nmol/g ACh. When incubated with [3H]choline, the isolated airways of rat, guinea pig, and human synthesized significant amounts of [3H]ACh. In guinea pig and human airways, removal of the mucosa affected neither stored ACh nor in vitro synthesis of […
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition decreases MUC5AC expression induced by epidermal growth factor in human airway epithelial cells
2005
Background: A common pathological feature of chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mucus hypersecretion. MUC5AC is the predominant mucin gene expressed in healthy airways and is increased in asthmatic and COPD patients. Recent clinical trials indicate that phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors may have therapeutic value for COPD and asthma. However, their direct effects on mucin expression have been scarcely investigated. Methods: MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression were examined in cultured human airway epithelial cells (A549) and in human isolated bronchial tissue stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF; 25 ng/ml).…
Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells have a deficient innate immune response to infection with rhinovirus
2005
Rhinoviruses are the major trigger of acute asthma exacerbations and asthmatic subjects are more susceptible to these infections. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this increased susceptibility, we examined virus replication and innate responses to rhinovirus (RV)-16 infection of primary bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic and healthy control subjects.Viral RNA expression and late virus release into supernatant was increased 50- and 7-fold, respectively in asthmatic cells compared with healthy controls. Virus infection induced late cell lysis in asthmatic cells but not in normal cells. Examination of the early cellular response to infection revealed impairment of virus induc…
Subventricular Zone Astrocytes Are Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain
1999
AbstractNeural stem cells reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain. This germinal region, which continually generates new neurons destined for the olfactory bulb, is composed of four cell types: migrating neuroblasts, immature precursors, astrocytes, and ependymal cells. Here we show that SVZ astrocytes, and not ependymal cells, remain labeled with proliferation markers after long survivals in adult mice. After elimination of immature precursors and neuroblasts by an antimitotic treatment, SVZ astrocytes divide to generate immature precursors and neuroblasts. Furthermore, in untreated mice, SVZ astrocytes specifically infected with a retrovirus give rise to new n…
Perlecan controls neurogenesis in the developing telencephalon.
2006
This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/29
Downregulation of β2-microglobulin in human cord blood somatic stem cells after transplantation into livers of SCID-mice: an escape mechanism of stem…
2002
Adherently growing, non-hematopoietic somatic stem cells isolated from human cord blood were stained with the fluorescent dye PKH26 and transplanted into livers of SCID-mice to examine a possible cell fate transition. Already 7 days after transplantation stem cells were well integrated into the liver tissue. Human albumin that was not expressed by the stem cells before transplantation was detectable in the host's livers after injection of cord blood stem cells. Human alpha1-antitrypsin was detectable in stem cells already before transplantation and remained positive in the mouse liver. The most interesting observation in this study was the downregulation of human beta2-microglobulin (beta2M…
Effect of mesalazine on epithelial cell proliferation in colonic diverticular disease
2007
Background and aims: increased epithelial cell proliferation may be detected in diverticular disease, but antibiotics have failed in reducing it. We assess therefore the effect of mesalazine on epithelial cell proliferation in diverticular disease. Methods: a prospective study was conducted on 20 consecutive patients with a new endoscopic diagnosis of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease. The patients were treated with mesalazine 1.6 mg/day for 1 year. The Ki-67 antigen index of the whole crypt and in the upper third was separately evaluated before and after starting the treatment. Results: cell proliferation index was higher in diverticular disease patients than healthy controls …
Acetylcholine leads to signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) mediated oxidative/nitrosative stress in human bronchial epithelia…
2013
AbstractThe induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) is involved in the mechanism of oxidative/nitrosative stress. We investigated whether acetylcholine (ACh) generates oxidative/nitrosative stress in bronchial epithelial cells during airway inflammation of COPD and evaluated the effects of Tiotropium, a once-daily antimuscarinic drug, and Olodaterol, a long-acting β2-agonist on these mechanisms. Human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) were stimulated (4h, 37°C) with induced sputum supernatants (ISSs) from healthy controls (HC) (n=10), healthy smokers (HS) (n=10) or COPD patients (n=10), as well as with ACh (f…
Chemo-radiotherapy induced oral mucositis during IMRT for head and neck cancer: an assessment
2014
Background This study is conducted mainly to evaluate the changes in quality and quantity of oral epithelial cells during the course of IMRT. Material and Methods 30 Patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy were followed through course of treatment. They were compared with a group of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. The procedure involved WHO clinical scoring, collection of oral washings and preparation of buccal smears from both study group and control group. The changes occurred were recorded as a way of assessing the severity of oral mucositis. Results Revealed a significant occurrence of oral mucositis in almost all patients during weekly follow up. There was a significant increa…