Search results for "Equivalent"
showing 10 items of 308 documents
Comparison of myopic progression in Finnish and Singaporean children
2020
Purpose To compare 3-year myopic progression between Finnish and Singaporean children. Methods Myopic progression was compared between 9-year-old (mean age 9.7 ± 0.4 years, n = 92) and 11-year-old (mean age 11.7 ± 0.4 years, n = 144) Finnish (Finnish RCT) children and Singaporean children matched by age and refraction (SCORMMatched, n = 403) and 7- to 8-year-old Singaporean children matched only by refraction (SCORM Young, n = 186). Spherical equivalent (SE) was between −0.50 and −3.00 D. Refraction with cycloplegia was controlled annually for 3 years. Information on parental myopia, mother’s education, time spent on near-work and outdoor time was gathered by parental questionnaire. Results…
Changes in Physical Performance During 21 d of Military Field Training in Warfighters.
2018
Introduction Few studies have reported the amount of physical activity (PA) and its associations to physical performance of warfighters during military field training (MFT). The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in neuromuscular performance and PA among male Finnish Army conscripts during a 21-d MFT and to evaluate their recovery during 4 d after MFT. Methods Body composition and physical performance were measured four times during the study (before MFT (PRE), after 12 d (MID), post training (POST) and after 4 d of recovery (RECO)). PA was measured throughout MFT in a group of healthy young male conscripts (n=49) by using a tri-axial accelerometer. The study was approved by t…
Genome-wide association study for refractive astigmatism reveals genetic co-determination with spherical equivalent refractive error: the CREAM conso…
2015
To identify genetic variants associated with refractive astigmatism in the general population, meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies were performed for: White Europeans aged at least 25 years (20 cohorts, N = 31,968); Asian subjects aged at least 25 years (7 cohorts, N = 9,295); White Europeans aged <25 years (4 cohorts, N = 5,640); and all independent individuals from the above three samples combined with a sample of Chinese subjects aged <25 years (N = 45,931). Participants were classified as cases with refractive astigmatism if the average cylinder power in their two eyes was at least 1.00 diopter and as controls otherwise. Genome-wide association analysis was carried out for …
Obesity Triples the Radiation Dose of Stone Protocol Computerized Tomography
2013
Patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis are often evaluated and followed with computerized tomography. Obesity is a risk factor for nephrolithiasis. We evaluated the radiation dose of computerized tomography in obese and nonobese adults.We scanned a validated, anthropomorphic male phantom according to our institutional renal stone evaluation protocol. The obese model consisted of the phantom wrapped in 2 Custom Fat Layers (CIRS, Norfolk, Virginia), which have been verified to have the same radiographic tissue density as fat. High sensitivity metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor dosimeters were placed at 20 organ locations in the phantoms to measure organ specific radiation dose…
Dietary lycopene decreases the initiation of liver preneoplastic foci by diethylnitrosamine in the rat
1997
To test whether carotenoids can modulate the initiation of liver preneoplasia by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or by 2-nitropropane (2-NP) in a sequential protocol of hepatocarcinogenesis, male weanling rats were fed for three or four weeks (respectively) diets containing beta-carotene, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, or lycopene (300 mg/kg diet) or an excess of vitamin A (15,000 retinol equivalents/kg diet) or were treated intraperitoneally with 3-methylcholanthrene. During this period, all rats were injected intraperitoneally with the initiator carcinogen, either 2-NP (6 times at 100 mg/kg body wt) or DEN (once at 100 mg/kg body wt). Three weeks after the termination of carotenoid or vitamin A fee…
Objectively measured physical activity in Finnish employees: a cross-sectional study.
2014
Objectives: To objectively measure the amount of intensity-specific physical activity by gender and age with respect to body mass index (BMI) during workdays and days off among Finnish employees. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Primary care occupational healthcare units. Participants: A sample of 9554 Finnish employees (4221 men and 5333 women; age range 18–65 years; BMI range 18.5–40 kg/m2) who participated in health assessments related to occupational health promotion. Main outcome measurements: The amount of moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) and vigorous (VPA) physical activity (≥3 and ≥6 metabolic equivalents, respectively) was assessed by estimating the minuteto-minute oxygen consu…
Anisometropia of spherical equivalent and astigmatism among myopes: a 23-year follow-up study of prevalence and changes from childhood to adulthood.
2017
Purpose To study anisometropia of spherical equivalent and astigmatism from the onset of myopia at school age to adulthood. Methods A total of 240 myopic schoolchildren (mean age 10.9 years), with no previous spectacles, were recruited during 1983–1984 to a randomized 3-year clinical trial of bifocal treatment of myopia. Examinations with subjective cyclopedic refraction were repeated 3 years later (follow-up 1) for 238 subjects and thereafter at the mean ages of 23.2 (follow-up 2) and 33.9 years (follow-up 3) for 178 and 134 subjects. After exclusions, the 102 subjects who attended all three follow-ups were included in the analyses. Corneal refractive power and astigmatism and anterior cha…
Relationship between the practice of physical activity and quality of movement in adolescents: a screening tool using self-organizing maps.
2017
The aim of this study was to determine whether the most physically active adolescents have better lower limb control.31 high school students (12 males and 19 females) participated in this study. The Anterior Knee Pain Scale was used to find any cases of knee pain. Only subjects with high scores were selected, to exclude those with knee pain or lower limb injuries. Single Leg Squat and Tuck Jump Assessment were used to evaluate movements with two cameras in a two-dimensional assessment. The IPAQ Questionnaire was used to score the physical activity and to classify it into MET total, MET moderate activity, MET vigorous activity and MET walking. These scores were related to knee angle at landi…
Cross-sectional associations of objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time with body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in mid-…
2017
Abstract Background The minimum intensity of physical activity (PA) that is associated with favourable body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains unknown. Objective To investigate cross-sectional associations of PA and sedentary time (ST) with body composition and CRF in mid-childhood. Methods PA, ST, body composition and CRF were measured in a population-based sample of 410 children (aged 7.6 ± 0.4 years). Combined heart-rate and movement sensing provided estimates of PA energy expenditure (PAEE, kJ/kg/day) and time (min/day) at multiple fine-grained metabolic equivalent (MET) levels, which were also collapsed to ST and light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA) and vigorous PA (V…
Cardiorespiratory fitness measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review a…
2021
Highlights • High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with 58% lower all-cause mortality risk and 73% lower cardiovascular mortality risk compared to unfit counterparts. • Each 1 metabolic equivalent (1-MET) increase in CRF is associated with a 19% lower CVD mortality risk among patients with CVD. • Coronary artery disease patients with high CRF have a 68% lower all-cause mortality risk than their unfit counterparts. • Each 1-MET increase in CRF is associated with a 17% lower all-cause mortality risk among patients with coronary artery disease. • No significant associations were found between increments of 1-MET and lower mortality ris…