Search results for "Evidence-based"
showing 10 items of 353 documents
Evidence-based programming language design : a philosophical and methodological exploration
2015
Background: Programming language design is not usually informed by empirical studies. In other fields similar problems have inspired an evidence-based paradigm of practice. Such a paradigm is practically inevitable in language design, as well. Aims: The content of evidence-based programming design (EB-PLD) is explored, as is the concept of evidence in general. Additionally, the extent of evidence potentially useful for EB-PLD is mapped, and the appropriateness of Cohen’s kappa for evaluating coder agreement in a secondary study is evaluated. Method: Philosophical analysis and explication are used to clarify the unclear. A systematic mapping study was conducted to map out the existing body of…
Efektywność i nieefektywność trening kompetencji społecznych w profilaktyce zachowań agresywnych dzieci i młodzieży – w kierunku profilaktyki evidenc…
2021
Artykuł zawiera ocenę efektywności treningu umiejętności społecznej w profilaktyce społecznej zachowań agresywnych dzieci i młodzieży. Punktem wyjścia do analizy jest koncepcja evidence-based practice w profilaktyce społecznej. W ramach tego modelu działań, podjęto próbę wskazania ograniczeń stosowania i przyczyny nieskuteczności treningów umiejętności społecznych w profilaktyce zachowań agresywnych.
Sustainable antibullying program implementation : School profiles and predictors
2020
We examined the sustainability of the KiVa antibullying program in Finland from its nationwide roll‐out in 2009 to 2016. Using latent class analyses, we identified four different patterns of implementation. The persistent schools (43%) maintained a high likelihood of participation throughout the study period. The awakened (14%) had a decreasing trend during the first years, but then increased the likelihood of program participation. The tail‐offs (20%) decreased in the likelihood of participating after the third year, and the drop‐offs (23%) already after the first year. The findings suggest that many schools need support during the initial years to launch and maintain the implementation of…
Alternative psychotherapies: Conceptual elucidation and epidemiological framework
2020
This article elucidates and defines alternative psychotherapies, as well as describes the variables that explain why some professional psychologists are prone to endorse these practices. First, the novel concept of “complementary and alternative psychotherapies” (CAP) is defined within the framework of the established hierarchy of clinical evidence. Second, we report a literature review to aid understanding of the main variables explaining why some clinicians prefer CAP. We review rejection of scientific reasoning, misconceptions about human nature, and pragmatic limitations of evidence-based practice.
Evidence-Based Policy and Mixed Economy in Australia
2008
This paper examines the nature of evidence-based policy and explains how the ethic can be applied to improve the position of the firm in the mixed economy. Government participates in the mixed economy in several imposing ways. Indeed, government is very much the ‘elephant in the marketplace’ to be understood and effectively managed by the firm. However, the firm can better its position by consistently applying an evidenced-based approach when dealing with government. Evidencebased policy practitioners purport to rely upon the empirical and ‘scientific’ rather than a priori arguments for policy setting. Where evidence is available, this should form the basis of petitioning government. If not…
Social, health and rehabilitation sector educators’ competence in evidence-based practice : A cross-sectional study
2021
Aim: The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the characteristic profiles of evidence-based practice competence of educators in the social, health and rehabilitation sectors and to establish relevant background factors. Design: This study was carried out as a descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were collected from social, health and rehabilitation sector educators working in the 21 Finnish universities of applied sciences and seven vocational colleges (n = 422; N = 2,330). A self-assessment instrument measuring evidence-based practice competence was used. Competence profiles were formed using a K-cluster grouping analysis. Results: Three distinct competence profile…
Promotion of Literacy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Goals and Prospects of CAPOLSA at the University of Zambia
2014
The convergence of two complementary agendas motivated collaboration between two universities (in Zambia and Finland) to establish the Centre for the Promotion of Literacy in Sub-Saharan Africa (CAPOLSA), focused on initial literacy learning in indigenous languages. The project’s mandate and activities are closely related to Zambia’s national context of literacy and educational provision, emerging trends in information and communication technology, and the University of Zambia’s institutional context of research and development on literacy, child development, and education. CAPOLSA has afforded opportunities for enhancing the working relations between the national university and government …
Bridging from research evidence to health policy and from health policy to clinical practice: the case of the Spanish strategy for mental health
2009
Introduction: In the last 30 years the Spanish NHS has evolved from a tightly centralized structure to seventeen autonomous regional health systems. As a result a number of benefits have been obtained but also important side-effects such as unjustified variation in clinical practice and a substantial loss of equity. Description: To deal with these unwanted developments the Spanish Inter-territorial Board of the NHS has recently approved and launched several health strategies on priority areas: diabetes, coronary ischemia, palliative care, cancer and mental health. The strategies are based on scientific evidence or consensus and they have been agreed on by all the regions. However, the degre…
TOMBSTONE REMOVAL : Republication de : Recommandations Formalisées d’Experts. Prise en charge de la patiente avec une pré-éclampsie sévère - RFE Comm…
2021
Abstract Objective To provide national guidelines for the management of women with severe pre-eclampsia. Design A consensus committee of 26 experts was formed. A formal conflict-of-interest (COI) policy was developed at the onset of the process and enforced throughout. The entire guidelines process was conducted independently of any industrial funding. The authors were advised to follow the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE(r)) system to guide assessment of quality of evidence. The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasised. Methods The last SFAR and CNGOF guidelines on…
A systematic review of the accuracy and efficiency of dental movements with Invisalign®
2019
We are currently living in an era where the use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing has allowed individualized orthodontic treatments, but has also incorporated enhanced digitalized technology that does not permit improvisation. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze publications that assessed the accuracy and efficiency of the Invisalign® system. A systematic review was performed using a search strategy to identify articles that referenced Invisalign®, which were published between August 2007 and August 2017, and listed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and LILACS. Additionally, a manual search o…